Abhayakamini
Abhayakamini was a Mon monarch who reigned over Sukhothai from 957 to 959. According to historical records, he fled from Haripuñjaya after its seizure by the Khom people of Umoṅkaselā and subsequently re-established Sukhothai, which had remained abandoned since the late 8th century, assuming the throne as its new ruler. In contrast, the Northern Chronicle records the date of Abhayakamini’s enthronement as occurring nearly a millennium earlier, in 44 BCE. However, a Thai historian, Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, asserted that the chronological framework employed in the chronicle is inconsistent to such an extent that it cannot be regarded as reliable, although much of its content is considered to possess a genuine historical foundation. Abhayakamini was potentially succeeded by a commoner named Sricandradhipati, as the chronicle says he was given the throne and governed Sukhothai from 959 onwards.
Abhayakamini was documented to have had two queen consorts. The first, Nang Nak, originated from the Tai chiefdom located in the present-day Nan Province and bore his eldest son, Arunaraja. The second consort gave birth to Ṛddhikumāra and Pasujakumāra. When Abhayakamini resided in Haripuñjaya, his eldest son, Arunaraja—also known as Phra Ruang, the first Phra Ruang—was appointed to govern Mueang Chaliang through marriage to the princess of the preceding ruler, who had no male heir. Another prince, Ṛddhikumāra, married the princess of Mueang Pichai Chiang Mai, identified with and also known as Kampoṭanagara, and subsequently ascended its throne. Meanwhile, the youngest prince, Pasujakumāra, succeeded his eldest brother as ruler of Mueang Chaliang.
The dynastic relationship between Sukhothai and the persisted until Nan was annexed by Lan Na in 1449.