Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury was born on 1 March 1924 in Dharmapasha union of Sunamganj Mohukumar of the then British Presidency of British India. His father's name is Abdur Rahman Chowdhury. His children are Rafiqul Hasan Chowdhury and Fakhrul Islam Chowdhury.
Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury died on 24 March 1986 while undergoing treatment at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Later, he was buried in the Jama Masjid premises of Dharmapasha village.