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Events

January 26 - Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, becomes the new Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, which covers most of the Middle East, North Africa and Spain, after his brother Yazid II dies of tuberculosis following a 4-year reign. Hisham reigns for 19 years, during which he appoints Khalid al-Qasri as of Governor of Iraq
February - Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah of the Umayyad Caliphate inflicts a crushing defeat on the Khazars of what is now Russia in a battle fought between the Cyrus and Araxes Rivers.
March 3 - Empress Genshō abdicates the throne, in favor of her 23-year-old nephew, Prince Obito, who becomes the 45th monarch of Japan as the Emperor Shōmu. He is the son of the late Emperor Monmu.
March 6 - Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, the son of the Caliph Abd al-Malik, is appointed as the Umayyad Governor of Egypt after Hanzala ibn Safwan al-Kalbi resigns. He serves for only two months.
April - Athanasius III becomes the new Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church, six months after the death of Elias I.
May 2 - Muhammand ibn Marwan resigns as Governor of Egypt after a difference of opinion on policy, and is replaced by Al-Hurr ibn Yusuf.
July 11 - Prince Æthelbert of the Kingdom of Kent issues a charter that is approved by his father, King Wihtred.
August 15 - China's Emperor Xuanzong deposes his wife, the Empress consort Wang.
December 29 - K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat becomes king, and serves for more than 60 years until his death in 785.
By place

Ragenfrid, ex-mayor of the palace of Neustria, revolts against Charles Martel. He is easily defeated, and Ragenfrid gives up his sons as hostages, in return for being allowed to keep his lands in Anjou.
Cináed mac Írgalaig, also known as "the one-eyed", becomes High King of Ireland.
Arabian Empire
The Turgesh Khaganate scores a major victory over the Arabs, in the "Day of Thirst" near Khujand.
A Muslim fleet raids the Byzantine-ruled Balearic Islands, as well as Byzantine Sardinia and Lombard Corsica.
By topic

Shōmu orders that houses of the Japanese nobility be roofed with green tiles, as in China, and have white walls with red roof poles.
Religion
Pirmin, Visigothic monk, is appointed abbot of Mittelzell Abbey at Reichenau Island, which he has founded.
Hugh of Champagne, grandson of Pepin of Herstal, is appointed bishop of Bayeux.