66th United States Congress

The 66th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprising the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1919, to March 4, 1921, during the last two years of Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.
The Republicans won majorities in both the House and the Senate, thus taking control of both chambers.
This is the last congress to have no female members of congress in the House of Representatives, and thus the last time there was an all-male congress.

Major events

A brief special session was called by President Wilson in March 1919, because of a filibuster that had successfully blocked appropriations bills needed to fund day-to-day government operations.

April 30, 1919: First wave of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
June 2, 1919: The home of Attorney General Palmer was bombed in the second wave of anarchist bombings.
June 15, 1919: Pancho Villa attacked Ciudad Juárez. When the bullets begin to fly to the U.S. side of the border, 2 units of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment crossed the border and repulse Villa's forces.
July 19–23, 1919: Race riot in Washington, D.C.
August 31, 1919: The Communist Party of the United States was established
September 9, 1919: Boston Police Strike
September 22, 1919: Steel strike of 1919
October 2, 1919: President Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed
November 1, 1919: Coal Strike of 1919
November 7, 1919: First of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
January 2, 1920: Second of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
January 16, 1920: Prohibition, went into effect in the United States
March 1, 1920: United States Railroad Administration returned control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies
May 7–8, 1920: Louis Freeland Post appeared before the House Committee on Rules, effectively ending Attorney General Palmer's presidential aspirations.
November 2, 1920: Warren G. Harding defeated James M. Cox in the 1920 United States presidential election

Major legislation

June 30, 1919: Navy Appropriations Act of 1919
June 30, 1919: Hastings Amendment
July 11, 1919: Anti-Lobbying Act of 1919
July 11, 1919: Army Appropriations Act of 1919
July 19, 1919: Sundry Civil Expenses Appropriations Act
October 18, 1919: National Prohibition Act (Volstead Act), ch. 85,
October 22, 1919: Underground Water Act of 1919
October 29, 1919: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Dyer Act)
November 4, 1919: Deficiency Act of 1919
November 6, 1919: Indian Soldier Act of 1919
December 24, 1919: Edge Act of 1919
February 25, 1920: Oil Leasing Act of 1920
February 25, 1920: Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, ch. 85,
February 25, 1920: Pipeline Rights-of-Way Act
February 25, 1920: Sale of Water For Miscellaneous Purposes Act
February 28, 1920: Esch-Cummins Act,,
March 9, 1920: Suits in Admiralty Act of 1920
March 15, 1920: Military Surplus Act of 1920 (Kahn-Wadsworth Act)
March 30, 1920: Death on the High Seas Act of 1920
April 13, 1920: Phelan Act of 1920
May 1, 1920: Fuller Act of 1920
May 10, 1920: Deportation Act of 1920
May 18, 1920: Kinkaid Act of 1920
May 20, 1920: Sale of Surplus Improved Public Lands Act
May 22, 1920: Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920
May 29, 1920: Independent Treasury Act of 1920
June 2, 1920: Industry Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920
June 2, 1920: Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920
June 2, 1920: National Park Criminal Jurisdiction Act
June 4, 1920: National Defense Act of 1920 (Kahn Act)
June 5, 1920: Sills Act of 1920
June 5, 1920: Merchant Marine Act of 1920
June 5, 1920: Women's Bureau Act of 1920
June 5, 1920: Ship Mortgage Act of 1920
June 5, 1920: River and Harbors Act of 1920
June 5, 1920: Water Power Act of 1920 (Esch Act)">United States House Special Committee on Water Power">Water Power Act of 1920 (Esch Act)
January 4, 1921: War Finance Corporation Act of 1921
March 3, 1921: Patent Act of 1921
March 3, 1921: Federal Water Power Act Amendment

Constitutional amendments

January 16, 1919: Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal, was ratified by the requisite number of states to become part of the Constitution
*Amendment later repealed on December 5, 1933, by the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution
June 4, 1919: Approved the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibiting the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
August 18, 1920: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states to become part of the Constitution

Treaties

March 19, 1920: Senate refused to ratify Treaty of Versailles

Leadership

Senate leadership

Presiding

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House leadership

Presiding

Speaker: Frederick H. Gillett

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

Senate

In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1922; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1924.

Florida">List of United States senators from Florida">Florida

Louisiana">List of United States senators from Louisiana">Louisiana

Montana">List of United States senators from Montana">Montana

North Dakota">List of United States senators from North Dakota">North Dakota

Tennessee">List of United States senators from Tennessee">Tennessee

House of Representatives

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Florida">List of United States representatives from Florida">Florida

Louisiana">List of United States representatives from Louisiana">Louisiana

Montana">List of United States representatives from Montana">Montana

North Dakota">List of United States representatives from North Dakota">North Dakota

Tennessee">List of United States representatives from Tennessee">Tennessee

Wyoming">List of United States representatives from Wyoming">Wyoming

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 5
* Democratic: 1 seat net loss
* Republican: 1 seat net gain
Deaths: 2
Resignations: 2
Vacancy: 0Total seats with changes: 4

State	Senator	Reason for vacancy	Successor	Date of successor's installation
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Died November 12, 1919. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.	Carter Glass	February 2, 1920
Alabama	John H. Bankhead	Died March 1, 1920. Successor was appointed.	B. B. Comer	March 5, 1920
Alabama	B. B. Comer	Successor was elected.	J. Thomas Heflin	November 3, 1920
Ohio	Warren G. Harding	Resigned January 13, 1921, after being elected President of the United States. Successor was appointed having already been elected to the next term.	Frank B. Willis	January 14, 1921
Idaho	John F. Nugent	Resigned January 14, 1921, after losing election and subsequently being appointed to the Federal Trade Commission. Successor was appointed having already been elected to the next term..	Frank R. Gooding	January 15, 1921

House of Representatives

Replacements: 23
* Democratic: 4 seat net loss
* Republican: 4 seat net gain
Deaths: 13
Resignations: 10
Contested elections: 3Total seats with changes: 32

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress">Legislative branch agency directors

Architect of the Capitol: Elliott Woods
Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
Public Printer of the United States: Cornelius Ford

Senate

Chaplain: F.J. Prettyman, until January 21, 1921.
* John J. Muir, from January 21, 1921.
Secretary: James M. Baker, until May 19, 1919.
* George A. Sanderson, from May 19, 1919.
Librarian: Edward C. Goodwin
Sergeant at Arms: Charles P. Higgins, until May 19, 1919.
* David S. Barry, from May 19, 1919.

House of Representatives

Chaplain: Henry N. Couden
Clerk: South Trimble, until May 19, 1919
* William T. Page, from May 19, 1919
Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy
Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Clarence A. Cannon
* Lehr Fess
Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan and Alney E. Chaffee
Postmaster: Frank W. Collier
Sergeant at Arms: Robert B. Gordon, until May 19, 1919
* Joseph G. Rodgers, from May 19, 1919