Co-writer Jim Beavers told Taste of Country that the idea for "5-1-5-0" came about when Bentley and he were discussing Van Halen's album 5150. Beavers said that he changed the pronunciation from "fifty-one-fifty" to "five-one-five-oh", and rhymed it with "somebody call the po-po" after seeing a police car.
Bobby Peacock of Roughstock gave the song four stars out of five, saying that it was "fun to listen to" and "sticks in the head after only one listen." Billy Dukes of Taste of Country rated it four-and-a-half stars out of five, calling it "three minutes of reckless energy".