United States Reports, volume 3

This is a list of cases reported in volume 3 U.S. of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from 1794 to 1799. Case reports from other tribunals also appear in 3 U.S..

Alexander Dallas and ''Dallas Reports''

Not all of the cases reported in 3 U.S. are from the United States Supreme Court. Included are decisions from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and the United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania.
Alexander J. Dallas, a Philadelphia lawyer and later United States Secretary of the Treasury, had been in the business of reporting local law cases for newspapers and periodicals. When the US Supreme Court sat in Philadelphia from 1791 to 1800, he collected their cases as well, and later began compiling his case reports in a bound volume which he called Reports of cases ruled and adjudged in the courts of Pennsylvania, before and since the Revolution.
When the US Supreme Court along with the rest of the new federal government moved in 1791 from the former capital, New York City, to the nation's temporary capital in Philadelphia, Dallas was appointed the Supreme Court's first unofficial and unpaid Supreme Court Reporter. Dallas continued to collect and publish Pennsylvania and other decisions, adding federal Supreme Court cases to his reports. Dallas published four volumes of decisions during his tenure as Reporter, known as the Dallas Reports.
The Supreme Court moved to the new capital city of Washington D.C. in 1800. Dallas remained in Philadelphia; William Cranch then replaced him as Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Nominative Reports

In 1874, the U.S. government created the United States Reports, and retroactively numbered older privately published case reports as part of the new series. As a result, cases appearing in volumes 1–90 of U.S. Reports have dual citation forms; one for the volume number of U.S. Reports, and one for the volume number of the reports named for the relevant reporter of decisions. As such, volumes 1–4 of United States Reports correspond to volumes 1–4 of Dallas Reports. The dual citation form of, for example, Hunter v. Fairfax's Devisee is 3 U.S. 305.

Courts in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

The cases reported in 3 U.S. come from the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and the United States Circuit Court for the District of Pennsylvania.

Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court...". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six. Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices.
When the cases in 3 U.S. were decided, the Court comprised six of the following eleven justices at one time:

Portrait	Justice	Office	Home State	Succeeded	Date confirmed by the Senate	Tenure on Supreme Court
	John Jay	Chief Justice	New York	original seat when the Court was established		– June 29, 1795
	John Rutledge	Chief Justice	South Carolina	original seat when the Court was established		– March 4, 1791
	William Cushing	Associate Justice	Massachusetts	original seat when the Court was established		– September 13, 1810
	James Wilson	Associate Justice	Pennsylvania	original seat when the Court was established		– August 21, 1798
	John Blair	Associate Justice	Virginia	original seat when the Court was established		– October 25, 1795
	James Iredell	Associate Justice	North Carolina	original seat when the Court was established		– October 20, 1799
	Thomas Johnson	Associate Justice	Maryland	John Rutledge		– January 16, 1793
	William Paterson	Associate Justice	New Jersey	Thomas Johnson		– September 8, 1806
	Samuel Chase	Associate Justice	Maryland	John Blair, Jr.		– June 19, 1811
	Oliver Ellsworth	Chief Justice	Connecticut	John Rutledge		– December 15, 1800
	Bushrod Washington	Associate Justice	Virginia	James Wilson		– November 26, 1829

Notable Cases in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

''Calder v. Bull''

In Calder v. Bull, , the Supreme Court decided four important points of constitutional law:

First, the ex post facto clause of the United States Constitution applies to criminal laws that have at least one of four effects: creates a crime and penalty that before passage of the law which was not illegal; makes an existing crime of greater severity than it was when committed; inflicts a greater punishment to an existing crime than applied before the law; changes rules of evidence to make less, or different, evidence than the law required at the time of the crime to convict the offender.
Second, the Court lacked authority to nullify state laws that may violate that state's own constitution.
Third, no one should be compelled to do what the laws do not require; nor to refrain from acts which the laws permit.
Fourth, a state legislative act does not violate of the ex post facto clause if there is nothing done by the parties that is affected by the state law.
''Georgia v. Brailsford''

In Georgia v. Brailsford, , is significant as the only reported jury trial held by the US Supreme Court. During the American Revolution, the state of Georgia passed a law that sequestered debts owed to British creditors. The Treaty of Paris, however, asserted the validity of debts held by creditors on both sides. The case was filed directly in the United States Supreme Court, rather than in a lower trial court, under the Supreme Court's constitutionally defined original jurisdiction.

''Hollingsworth v. Virginia''

In Hollingsworth v. Virginia, the Court held the President of the United States has no formal role in the process of amending the United States Constitution, and that the Eleventh Amendment was binding on cases already pending before its ratification.

Citation style

Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction. There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.

"C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of...
* e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
"D." = United States District Court for the District of...
* e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
"E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
* e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
* e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
"Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims
The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
* e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
* e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine
List of cases in 3 U.S. (3 Dall.)

Cases of the Supreme Court of the United States

Case	Page & year	Opinions of the Court	Lower court	Disposition
Georgia v. Brailsford		Jay	original	jury verdict for defendants
Glass v. The Sloop Betsey		Jay	D. Md.	Reversed
United States v. Hamilton		Wilson	D. Pa.	certification
Bingham v. Cabot		seriatim: Paterson, Iredell, Wilson, Cushing	C.C.D. Mass.	reversed
United States v. Lawrence		per curiam	D.N.Y.	mandamus denied
Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators		Cushing	C.C.D.N.H.	reversed
United States v. Peters		Rutledge	D. Pa.	prohibition issued
Talbot v. Janson		seriatim: Paterson, Iredell	C.C.D.S.C.	affirmed
Hylton v. United States		seriatim: Chase, Paterson, Iredell	C.C.D. Va.	affirmed
Hills v. Ross		per curiam	C.C.D. Ga.	continued
McDonough v. Dannery		per curiam	C.C.D. Mass.	affirmed
Ware v. Hylton		seriatim: Chase, Wilson, Cushing	C.C.D. Va.	reversed
Geyer v. Michel		per curiam	C.C.D.S.C.	affirmed
United States v. La Vengeance		Ellsworth	C.C.D.N.Y.	affirmed
Cotton v. Wallace		per curiam	C.C.D. Ga.	mandate granted
Hunter v. Fairfax's Devisee		per curiam	not indicated	continued
Arcambel v. Wiseman		per curiam	C.C.D.R.I.	remittitur granted
Moodie v. The Ship Alfred		per curiam	not indicated	affirmed
Olney v. Arnold		Ellsworth	R.I. Super. Ct.	affirmed
Moodie v. The Ship Phoebe Anne		Ellsworth	C.C.D.S.C.	affirmed
Grayson v. Virginia		Ellsworth	original	subpoena granted
Wiscart v. Dauchy		per curiam	C.C.D. Va.	affirmed
Hills v. Ross		seriatim: Ellsworth, Iredell, Chase	C.C.D. Ga.	reversed
Del Col v. Arnold		per curiam	C.C.D.S.C.	affirmed
Jennings v. The Brig Perseverance		seriatim: Paterson, Chase	C.C.D.R.I.	affirmed
Huger v. South Carolina		seriatim: Iredell, Chase	original	petition granted
Clerke v. Harwood		per curiam	Md.	affirmed
Brown v. Van Braam		seriatim: Wilson, Paterson, Chase	C.C.D.R.I.	affirmed
Fenemore v. United States		seriatim: Chase, Iredell, Cushing, Ellsworth, Paterson	C.C.D.N.J.	affirmed
Brown v. Barry		Ellsworth	C.C.D. Va.	affirmed
Emory v. Grenough		per curiam	C.C.D. Mass.	dismissed
Hamilton v. Moore		per curiam	C.C.D. Ga.	dismissed
Hollingsworth v. Virginia		per curiam, and Chase	not indicated	dismissed
Bingham v. Cabot		per curiam	C.C.D. Mass.	dismissed
Jones v. Le Tombe		per curiam	original	rule made absolute
Calder v. Bull		seriatim: Chase, Paterson, Iredell, Cushing	Conn.	affirmed
Wilson v. Daniel		seriatim: Ellsworth, Iredell, Chase	C.C.D. Va.	affirmed
Dewhurst v. Coulthard		per curiam	C.C.D.N.Y.	dismissed
Ex parte Hallowell		per curiam	original	Hallowell admitted to bar of Court
Fowler v. Lindsey		seriatim: Washington, Paterson, Cushing	C.C.D. Conn.	rule discharged
Clarke v. Russel		Ellsworth	C.C.D.R.I.	reversed
Sims' Lessee v. Irvine		seriatim: Ellsworth, Iredell	C.C.D. Pa.	affirmed