26th Canadian Parliament


The 26th Canadian Parliament was in session from May 16, 1963, until September 8, 1965. The membership was set by the 1963 federal election on April 8, 1963, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1965 election. Most of the MPs were elected as the single member for their district. Two represented Queen's and two represented Halifax.
There were three sessions of the 26th Parliament:
SessionStartEnd
1stMay 16, 1963December 21, 1963
2ndFebruary 18, 1964April 3, 1965
3rdApril 5, 1965September 8, 1965

Overview

The 26th Parliament was controlled by a Liberal Party minority under Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and the 19th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Diefenbaker.
The Speaker was Alan Macnaughton. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

Party Standings

Three by-elections were held over the course of the 26th Canadian Parliament, only the first of which resulted in a change to the party standings in the House of Commons.

Major events

Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

Pearson's government established a Canadian royal commission on 19 July 1963 to "inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to develop the Canadian Confederation on the basis of an equal partnership between the two founding races, taking into account the contribution made by the other ethnic groups to the cultural enrichment of Canada and the measures that should be taken to safeguard that contribution".
The Commission was jointly chaired by André Laurendeau, publisher of Le Devoir, and Davidson Dunton, president of Carleton University. As a result, it was sometimes known as the Laurendeau-Dunton commission.
The Commission recommended sweeping changes when its final report was published, in five parts, 1967-1970, after a report of preliminary findings, February 1965. Among other things, it reported that Francophones were underrepresented in the nation's political and business communities. 1961 statistics of the salaries of Quebec men based on ethnic origin revealed that French Canadian incomes lagged behind all other ethnic groups, with the exception of Italian Canadians and aboriginal Canadians.
The recommendations included the following:
  • That bilingual districts be created in regions of Canada where members of the minority community, either French or English, made up 10% or more of the local population.
  • That parents be able to have their children attend schools in the language of their choice in regions where there is sufficient demand.
  • That Ottawa become a bilingual city.
  • That English and French be declared official languages of Canada.

Renaming of Air Canada

in 1964, Jean Chrétien submitted a private member's bill to change the name of the airline from Trans-Canada Airlines to Air Canada, which TCA had long used as its French-language name. This bill failed but it was later resubmitted and passed, with the name change taking effect on 1 January 1965.

Social insurance numbers

Social insurance numbers were created and issued in April 1964 by an order-in-council, to serve as a client account number in the administration of the Canada Pension Plan and Canada's varied employment insurance programs.

The Auto Pact

Pearson and Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Canada–United States Automotive Agreement in January 1965, and unemployment fell to its lowest rate in over a decade.

Great Canadian flag debate

On June 15, 1964, Pearson opened a parliamentary discussion on establishing a unique flag for Canada to replace the Union Jack with the following resolution:
… to establish officially as the flag of Canada a flag embodying the emblem proclaimed by His Majesty King George V on November 21, 1921 — three maple leaves conjoined on one stem — in the colours red and white then designated for Canada, the red leaves occupying a field of white between vertical sections of blue on the edges of the flag.
The main opponent to a new flag was John Diefenbaker, leader of the opposition and former prime minister. He eventually made the subject a personal crusade, going so far as to mount a filibuster. A seemingly endless debate about the matter raged on in Parliament and the press with no side giving quarter. Pearson forced members of Parliament to stay through the summer of 1964, but the measure did not resolve the issue.
On September 10, 1964, Pearson formed a committee to resolve the ongoing debate. Out of three choices, the maple leaf design by Mount Allison University historian George Stanley, based on the flag of the Royal Military College of Canada, was selected. The flag officially appeared on February 15, 1965; the date is now celebrated annually as National Flag of Canada Day.

The Canadian Pension Plan

The Canadian Pension Plan was established by parliament in 1965. The bill was introduced by Pearson's minority government and was passed with the support of Tommy Douglas' New Democratic Party.
The Canadian Pension plan bill had its first reading on November 9, 1964, second reading on November 18, 1964, and was passed on it's third reading on March 29, 1964. It was subsequently passed by the Senate on April 2, 1965 and receive Royal Ascent the following day.

White Paper on Defense

A white paper was tabled in the Parliament of Canada on 26 March 1964 by the Minister of National Defence, Paul Hellyer, and the Associate Minister of National Defence, Lucien Cardin. This document outlined a major restructuring of the three separate armed services, describing a reorganization that would include the integration of operations, logistics support, personnel, and administration of the separate branches under a functional command system. The proposal met with strong opposition from personnel in all three services, and resulted in the dismissal of the navy's senior operational commander, Rear Admiral William Landymore, as well as the forced retirements of other senior officers in the nation's military forces. The protests of service personnel and their superiors had no effect, however, and during the 27th Parliament, on 1 February 1968, Bill C-243, The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act, was granted royal assent, and the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, and the Royal Canadian Air Force were combined into one service: the Canadian Armed Forces.

Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus

With Denmark, Ireland and Finland, Canada was one of the four original contributors of troops to UNFICYP, committed by the Pearson's government on 12 March 1964.

Canada Student Loans

On July 28, 1964 the Canada Student Loans Act was given royal assent, implementing a program of "guaranteed Canada Student Loans" which could be provided by financial institutions.

The beginnings of Medicare

Publicly funded healthcare had been a campaign promise of New Democratic Party leader Tommy Douglas during his run for premiere of Saskatchewan in 1960. The Saskatchewan NDP won a majority government and passed public healthcare legislation within the year. Douglas resigned from his position as premier to take up the leadership of the federal NDP, and his successor Woodrow Stanley Lloyd implement the healthcare program despite strong opposition from the province's doctors. These event's brought the public healthcare discussion to the national stage.
The Royal Commission on Health Services, which had been instigated by Diefenbaker's government on June 20, 1961 to investigate the medical needs of Canada, released its first report on June 19, 1964 and its second on December 7, 1964. These reports called for federal funding for a national healthcare plan. This aligned well with Pearson's campaign promise to implement a national healthcare plan during the 1963 election. The Pearson government would work toward implementing healthcare, passing the Medical Care Act, 1966 during the 27th Parliament with the support of the New Democratic Party, though the act did not come into effect until July 1, 1968.

Legislation and motions

Act's which received royal assent under 26th Parliament

1st Session

Public acts
Local and private acts
Divorce and Annulments

2nd session

Public acts
Local and private acts

3rd session

Public acts
Local and private acts

Parliamentarians

House of Commons

Following is a full list of members of the twenty-sixth Parliament listed first by province or territory, then by electoral district.
Key:
Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk indicates that district was represented by two members.

[Alberta]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
AcadiaJack HornerProgressive Conservative19583rd term
AthabaskaJack BiggProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Battle River—CamroseClifford SmallwoodProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Bow RiverEldon WoolliamsProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Calgary NorthDouglas HarknessProgressive Conservative19457th term
Calgary SouthHarry HaysLiberal19631st term
Edmonton EastWilliam SkoreykoProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Edmonton—StrathconaTerry NugentProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Edmonton WestMarcel LambertProgressive Conservative19574th term
Jasper—EdsonHugh HornerProgressive Conservative19583rd term
LethbridgeDeane GundlockProgressive Conservative19583rd term
MacleodLawrence KindtProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Medicine HatBud OlsonSocial Credit1957, 19623rd term*
Peace RiverGed BaldwinProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Red DeerRobert N. ThompsonSocial Credit19622nd term
VegrevilleFrank FaneProgressive Conservative19583rd term
WetaskiwinHarry Andrew MooreProgressive Conservative19622nd term

[British Columbia]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
Burnaby—CoquitlamTommy DouglasNew Democratic Party1935, 19624th term*
Burnaby—RichmondBob PrittieNew Democratic Party19622nd term
CaribooBert LeboeSocial Credit1953, 19624th term*
Coast—CapilanoJohn (Jack) Davis Liberal19622nd term
Comox—AlberniThomas Speakman BarnettNew Democratic Party1953, 19624th term*
Esquimalt—SaanichGeorge ChattertonProgressive Conservative19613rd term
Fraser ValleyAlexander Bell PattersonSocial Credit1953, 19624th term*
KamloopsCharles WilloughbyProgressive Conservative19631st term
Kootenay EastJim Byrne Liberal1949, 19625th term*
Kootenay WestHerbert Wilfred HerridgeNew Democratic Party19457th term
Nanaimo—Cowichan—The IslandsColin CameronNew Democratic Party1953, 19624th term*
New WestminsterBarry MatherNew Democratic Party19622nd term
Okanagan BoundaryDavid Vaughan PughProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Okanagan—RevelstokeStuart FlemingProgressive Conservative19583rd term
SkeenaFrank HowardNew Democratic Party19574th term
Vancouver—BurrardRon BasfordLiberal19631st term
Vancouver CentreJohn Robert (Jack) NicholsonLiberal19622nd term
Vancouver EastHarold WinchNew Democratic Party19535th term
Vancouver KingswayArnold WebsterNew Democratic Party19622nd term
Vancouver QuadraGrant DeachmanLiberal19631st term
Vancouver SouthArthur LaingLiberal1949, 19623rd term*
VictoriaDavid GroosLiberal19631st term

[Manitoba]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
Brandon—SourisWalter DinsdaleProgressive Conservative19516th term
ChurchillRobert SimpsonProgressive Conservative19574th term
DauphinElmer ForbesProgressive Conservative19583rd term
LisgarGeorge MuirProgressive Conservative19574th term
MarquetteNick MandziukProgressive Conservative19574th term
Portage—NeepawaSiegfried EnnsProgressive Conservative19622nd term
ProvencherWarner JorgensonProgressive Conservative19574th term
SelkirkEric Stefanson Sr.Progressive Conservative19583rd term
SpringfieldJoseph SloganProgressive Conservative19583rd term
St. BonifaceRoger TeilletLiberal19622nd term
Winnipeg NorthDavid OrlikowNew Democratic Party19622nd term
Winnipeg North CentreStanley KnowlesNew Democratic Party1942, 19627th term*
Winnipeg SouthMargaret KonantzLiberal19631st term
Winnipeg South CentreGordon ChurchillProgressive Conservative19516th term

[New Brunswick]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
CharlotteAllan M.A. McLeanLiberal19622nd term
GloucesterHédard RobichaudLiberal19535th term
KentGuy CrossmanLiberal19622nd term
Northumberland—MiramichiGeorge Roy McWilliam Liberal19496th term
Restigouche—MadawaskaJean-Eudes DubéLiberal19622nd term
RoyalGordon FairweatherProgressive Conservative19622nd term
St. John—AlbertThomas Miller BellProgressive Conservative19535th term
Victoria—CarletonHugh John FlemmingProgressive Conservative19603rd term
WestmorlandSherwood Rideout Liberal19622nd term
WestmorlandMargaret Rideout Liberal19641st term
York—SunburyJohn Chester MacRaeProgressive Conservative19574th term

Newfoundland">Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
Bonavista—TwillingateJack PickersgillLiberal19535th term
Burin—BurgeoChesley William Carter Liberal19496th term
Grand Falls—White Bay—LabradorCharles GrangerLiberal19583rd term
Humber—St. George'sHerman Maxwell BattenLiberal19535th term
St. John's EastJoseph O'KeefeLiberal19631st term
St. John's WestRichard CashinLiberal19622nd term
Trinity—ConceptionJames Roy TuckerLiberal19583rd term

[Northwest Territories]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
Northwest TerritoriesEugène RhéaumeProgressive Conservative19631st term

[Prince Edward Island]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
King'sJohn MullallyLiberal19631st term
PrinceJohn Watson MacNaughtLiberal1945, 19634th term*
Queen's*Angus MacLeanProgressive Conservative19516th term
Queen's*Heath MacQuarrieProgressive Conservative19574th term

[Quebec]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
Argenteuil—Deux-MontagnesVincent DrouinLiberal19622nd term
BeauceGérard PerronSocial Credit19622nd term
BeauceGérard PerronRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Beauharnois—SalaberryGérald LanielLiberal19622nd term
BellechasseHerman LaverdièreLiberal19631st term
Berthier—Maskinongé—DelanaudièreRémi PaulProgressive Conservative19583rd term
IndependentBerthier—Maskinongé—DelanaudièreRémi Paul-19583rd term
BonaventureAlbert BéchardLiberal19622nd term
Brome—MissisquoiHeward GraffteyProgressive Conservative19583rd term
CartierMilton L. KleinLiberal19631st term
Chambly—RouvilleBernard PilonLiberal19622nd term
ChamplainJean-Paul MatteLiberal19622nd term
ChapleauGérard LapriseSocial Credit19622nd term
ChapleauGérard LapriseRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
CharlevoixLouis-Philippe-Antoine BélangerSocial Credit19622nd term
CharlevoixLouis-Philippe-Antoine BélangerRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Châteauguay—Huntingdon—LaprairieIan WatsonLiberal19631st term
ChicoutimiMaurice CôtéSocial Credit19622nd term
ChicoutimiMaurice CôtéRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Compton—FrontenacHenry LatulippeSocial Credit19622nd term
Compton—FrontenacHenry LatulippeRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
DollardGuy Rouleau Liberal19535th term
DorchesterPierre-André BoutinSocial Credit19622nd term
DorchesterPierre-André BoutinRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Drummond—ArthabaskaJean-Luc Pépin Liberal19631st term
GaspéAlexandre CyrLiberal19631st term
GatineauRodolphe LeducLiberal1936, 19547th term*
HochelagaRaymond EudesLiberal19408th term
HullAlexis Caron Liberal19535th term
Îles-de-la-MadeleineMaurice SauvéLiberal19622nd term
Jacques-Cartier—LasalleRaymond RockLiberal19622nd term
Joliette—l'Assomption—MontcalmLouis-Joseph PigeonProgressive Conservative19583rd term
KamouraskaCharles-Eugène DionneSocial Credit19622nd term
KamouraskaCharles-Eugène DionneRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
LabelleGérard GirouardSocial Credit19631st term
LabelleGérard GirouardProgressive Conservative19631st term
Lac-Saint-JeanMarcel LessardSocial Credit19622nd term
Lac-Saint-JeanMarcel LessardRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
LafontaineGeorges-C. LachanceLiberal19622nd term
LapointeGilles GrégoireSocial Credit19622nd term
LapointeGilles GrégoireRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
LaurierLionel Chevrier Liberal1935, 19579th term*
LaurierFernand Leblanc Liberal19641st term
LavalJean-Léo RochonLiberal19622nd term
LévisRaynald GuayLiberal19631st term
LongueuilJean-Pierre CôtéLiberal19631st term
LotbinièreAuguste ChoquetteLiberal19631st term
Maisonneuve—RosemontJean-Paul DeschateletsLiberal19535th term
Matapédia—MataneRené TremblayLiberal19631st term
MéganticRaymond LangloisSocial Credit19622nd term
MéganticRaymond LangloisRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
MercierProsper BoulangerLiberal19622nd term
Montmagny—L'IsletJean-Charles Richard BergerLiberal19631st term
Mount RoyalAlan Macnaughton Liberal19496th term
Nicolet—YamaskaClément VincentProgressive Conservative19622nd term
Notre-Dame-de-GrâceEdmund Tobin AsselinLiberal19622nd term
Outremont—St-JeanMaurice LamontagneLiberal19631st term
PapineauGuy FavreauLiberal19631st term
Pontiac—TémiscaminguePaul MartineauProgressive Conservative19583rd term
PortneufJean-Louis FrenetteSocial Credit19622nd term
PortneufJean-Louis FrenetteRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Québec—MontmorencyGuy MarcouxSocial Credit19622nd term
Québec—MontmorencyGuy MarcouxRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Quebec EastJean Robert BeauléSocial Credit19622nd term
Quebec EastJean Robert BeauléRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Quebec SouthJean-Charles Cantin Liberal19622nd term
Quebec WestLucien PlourdeSocial Credit19622nd term
Quebec WestLucien PlourdeRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
Richelieu—VerchèresLucien CardinLiberal19526th term
Richmond—WolfePatrick Tobin AsselinLiberal19631st term
RimouskiGérard OuelletSocial Credit19631st term
RimouskiGérard OuelletProgressive Conservative19631st term
Rivière-du-Loup—TémiscouataRosaire GendronLiberal19631st term
RobervalCharles-Arthur GauthierSocial Credit19622nd term
RobervalCharles-Arthur GauthierRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
SaguenayGustave BlouinLiberal19631st term
St. AnnGérard LoiselleLiberal19574th term
Saint-Antoine—WestmountCharles (Bud) DruryLiberal19622nd term
Saint-DenisAzellus Denis Liberal19359th term
Saint-DenisMarcel Prud'homme Liberal19641st term
Saint-HenriH.-Pit LessardLiberal19583rd term
Saint-Hyacinthe—BagotThéogène RicardProgressive Conservative19574th term
Saint-JacquesMaurice RinfretLiberal19622nd term
Saint-Jean—Iberville—NapiervilleYvon Dupuis Liberal19583rd term
St. Lawrence—St. GeorgeJohn Turner Liberal19622nd term
Sainte-MarieGeorges ValadeProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Saint-Maurice—LaflècheJean Chrétien Liberal19631st term
SheffordGilbert RondeauSocial Credit19622nd term
SheffordGilbert RondeauRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
SherbrookeGérard ChapdelaineSocial Credit19622nd term
SherbrookeGérard ChapdelaineRalliement Créditiste19622nd term
StansteadYves ForestLiberal19631st term
TerrebonneLéo CadieuxLiberal19622nd term
Trois-RivièresLéon BalcerProgressive Conservative19496th term
IndependentTrois-RivièresLéon Balcer-19496th term
Vaudreuil—SoulangesRené ÉmardLiberal19631st term
VerdunBryce Mackasey Liberal19622nd term
VilleneuveRéal CaouetteSocial Credit1946, 19623rd term*
VilleneuveRéal CaouetteRalliement Créditiste1946, 19623rd term*

[Saskatchewan]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
AssiniboiaLawrence WatsonProgressive Conservative19631st term
Humboldt—Melfort—TisdaleReynold RappProgressive Conservative19583rd term
KindersleyReg CantelonProgressive Conservative19631st term
MackenzieStanley KorchinskiProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Meadow LakeBert CadieuProgressive Conservative19583rd term
MelvilleJames OrmistonProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Moose Jaw—Lake CentreJ. Ernest PascoeProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Moose MountainRichard SouthamProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Prince AlbertJohn DiefenbakerProgressive Conservative19408th term
Qu'AppelleAlvin HamiltonProgressive Conservative19574th term
Regina CityKen MoreProgressive Conservative19583rd term
Rosetown—BiggarClarence Owen CooperProgressive Conservative19583rd term
RosthernEdward NasserdenProgressive Conservative19583rd term
SaskatoonHenry Frank Jones Progressive Conservative19574th term
SaskatoonEloise Jones Progressive Conservative19641st term
Swift Current—Maple CreekJack McIntoshProgressive Conservative19583rd term
The BattlefordsAlbert HornerProgressive Conservative19583rd term
YorktonG. Drummond ClancyProgressive Conservative19583rd term

[Yukon]

Electoral districtNamePartyFirst elected/previously electedNo. of terms
YukonErik NielsenProgressive Conservative19574th term

Ministry

The 19th Canadian Ministry began at the beginning of the 26th Canadian Parliament and lasted until near the end of the 27th Canadian Parliament.

Changes to Party Standings

Party division

in 1963, 13 of Social Credit party's 20 Quebec MPs split off to form a new party named Ralliement des créditistes, later renamed to Ralliement créditiste in 1967. This left the Social Credit party with 11 total MPs.
NameElectoral districtOriginal PartyNew Party
Gérard PerronBeauceSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Gérard LapriseChapleauSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Louis-Philippe-Antoine BélangerCharlevoixSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Henry LatulippeCompton—FrontenacSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Pierre-André BoutinDorchesterSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Charles-Eugène DionneKamouraskaSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Gilles GrégoireLapointeSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Raymond LangloisMéganticSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Jean Robert BeauléQuebec EastSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Lucien PlourdeQuebec WestSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Charles-Arthur GauthierRobervalSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Gilbert RondeauSheffordSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste
Réal CaouetteVilleneuveSocial CreditRalliement Créditiste

Floor-crossings

On April 23, 1964 two further Social Credit MPs left the party to sit as Progressive Conservatives. This left the Social Credit party with only 9 MPs.
NameElectoral districtOriginal PartyNew Party
Gérard GirouardLabelleSocial CreditProgressive Conservative
Gérard OuelletRimouskiSocial CreditProgressive Conservative