23rd Division
- 23rd (Northumbrian) Division
- 23rd Air Division (United States)
- 23rd Brigade (disambiguation)
- 23rd Cavalry Division (United States)
- 23rd Division (German Empire)
- 23rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
- 23rd Division (South Vietnam)
- 23rd Division (United Kingdom)
- 23rd Infantry Division (India)
- 23rd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)
- 23rd Infantry Division (Poland)
- 23rd Infantry Division (United States)
- 23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
- 23rd Infantry Division Ferrara
- 23rd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
- 23rd Reserve Division (German Empire)
- 23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland
- 23rd Takavar Division
- 23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)
- Finnish II Corps (Winter War)