233 Spanish Martyrs
The 233 Spanish Martyrs, also referred to as The Martyrs of Valencia or
Jose Aparico Sanz and 232 Companions, were a group of martyrs from the Spanish Civil War, who were beatified in March 2001 by Pope John Paul II. This was the largest number of persons beatified at once up to that time. They originated from all parts of Spain but mostly served and died in the diocese of Valencia.
Background
The 233 martyrs were clergy, religious and lay persons of the diocese of Valencia who were executed during the Red Terror of the Spanish Civil War. Some 6,000 clergy and religious were executed in Spain during this period; of these over 2,000 have been proposed for canonization. They are regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War.The 233 martyrs were made up of 16 separate causes, mostly groups but also some individuals who have been proposed for canonization. The earliest cause was opened in 1952. Most causes were opened in the 1950s, though none were accepted by the CCS until 1990. The most recent cause was opened in 1995 and completed in five years. This was not the first group of Spanish martyrs beatified by John Paul II, though it was the largest up to that time.
Beatification liturgy
The beatification of the entire group was enacted at a solemn liturgy celebrated in Rome on 11 March 2001, presided over by Pope John Paul II.In his homily he preached on the Transfiguration and pointed to the example of the martyr's sacrifice, and urged the church in Spain to be worthy of their example. He observed that they were men and women of all ages, and states and that they had been killed for professing their faith.
He pointed out that the martyrs had died forgiving their enemies, and expressed the hope that their example would help to remove the end of hatred and resentment still felt in Spain from those times.
John Paul II made special mention of Maria Teresa Ferragud, one of the lay companions from Valencia; an 83-year-old woman, she was executed along with her four daughters, all nuns in contemplative orders. He also made special mention of Francesco Castello Aleu, a 22 yr old layman, and German Gozalba, at age 23 just 2 months into the priesthood.
He also made reference to Consuela and Maria Dolores Aguiar-Mella, two lay companions of Maria Baldilou Bullit, and the first people from Uruguay to be beatified.
Controversy
The issue of the Spanish martyrs is controversial, not least because of the Spanish churches identification with the Nationalist cause during the civil war.However John Paul pointed out, generally and in specifics, that those who died in these cases “were not involved in political or ideological struggles nor did they want to be concerned with them” and that “they died solely for religious motives”.
The 16 Causes
The 233 martyrs were advanced in 16 separate causes :- Jose Aparicio Sanz and 73 companions, clergy and laypersons of the Diocese of Valencia, including Amalia Abad Casasempere
- Jacinto Serrano Lopez and 19 companions of the Dominican Order
- Pascual Fortuna Almela and 4 companions of the Friars Minor
- Alfonso Lopez Lopez and 6 companions of the Friars Minor Conventual
- Aurelio Ample Alcaide and 16 companions of the Friars Minor Capuchin,
- Josefa Masia Ferragud, a nun of the Discalced Augustinians
- Tomas Sitjar Fortia and 11 companions of the Society of Jesus
- Jose Calasanz Marques and 28 companions of the Salesian Society, and two Daughters of Mary
- Vicente Cabanes Badenas and 18 companions of the Third Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
- Mariano García Méndez, a priest of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
- Leonardo Olivera Buera and 5 companions of the Christian Brothers, also 24 Carmelite Sisters of Charity
- Maria Ricart Olmos, a nun of the Servite Order
- Maria Baldillou Bullit and 5 companions, nuns of the Sisters of the Pious Schools, and 2 laywomen of that order
- Josefa Ruano Garcia and Dolores Puig Bonany, nuns of the Little Sisters of the Abandoned Elderly
- Victoria Quintana Argos and 2 companions of the Capuchin Tertiary Sisters of the Holy Family
- Maria Giner Gomis, a Claretian Sister
- Francisco Castello y Aleu, layman of Catholic Action in Lleida
The 233 martyrs
Diocesan Clergy
- Matías Manuel Albert Ginés
- Joaquín Vilanova Camallonga
- Zósimo Izquierdo Gil
- Salvador Ferrandis Seguí
- Vicente Rubiols Castelló
- Antonio Silvestre Moya
- Salvador Estrugo Salves
- Félix Yuste Cava
- Carmelo Sastre Sastre
- Vicente María Izquierdo Alcón
- Francisco De Paula Ibáñez Ibáñez
- Fernando González Añon
- Ramón Martí Soriano
- Alfonso Sebastiá Viñals
- Francisco Sendra Ivars
- Diego Llorca Llopis
- José Toledo Pellicer
- José María Segura Penadés
- Pascual Penades Jornet
- Juan Ventura Solsona
- José García Mas
- Fernando García Sendra
- Vicente Pelufo Corts
- Germán Gozalbo Andreu
- Vicente Sicluna Hernández )
- Vicente Ballester Far
- Pascual Ferrer Botella
- José María Ferrándiz Hernández
- José Fenollosa Alcaina
- Elías Carbonell Molla
- Juan Carbonell Molla
- Enrique Morant Pellicer
- José Canet Giner
- José González Huguet
- Ramón Esteban Bou Pascual
- José Ruiz Bruixola
- Leonardo Olivera Buera
- Gonzalo Viñes Masip
- José Aparicio Sanz
- Enrique Juan Requena
Roman Catholic Laity
- Carlos López Vidal
- Rafael Alonso Gutiérrez
- Carlos Díaz Gandía
- María Climent Mateu
- Juan Bautista Faubel Cano
- Arturo Ros Montalt
- Pascual Torres Lloret
- Marino Blanes Giner
- Ismael Escrihuela Esteve
- María Dolores Aguiar-Mella Díaz
- Consuelo Aguiar-Mella Díaz
- Francisca Cualladó Baixauli
- Vicente Galbis Gironés
- Manuel Torró García
- Josefina Moscardó Montalvá
- María Purificación Vidal Pastor
- Sofía Ximénez Ximénez del Río
- José Ramón Ferragud Girbes
- Encarnación Gil Valls
- Amalia Abad Casasempere De Maestre
- María Jordá Botella
- Herminia Martínez Amigó De Martínez
- Crescencia Valls Espí
- Francesc de Paula Castelló Aleu
- Florencia Caerols Martínez
- Ana María Aranda Riera
- Társila Córdoba Belda De Girona
- María Teresa Ferragud Roig De Masiá
- Salvador Damián Enguix Garés
- María Del Carmen Viel Ferrando
- José Medes Ferrís
- Juan Gonga Martínez
- Luis Campos Górriz
- María Del Olvido Noguera Albelda
- Luisa María Frías Cañizares
- José María Zabal Blasco
- Pilar Villalonga Villalba
- Pablo Meléndez Gonzalo
- José María Corbin Ferrer
- José Perpiñá Nácher
- María Luisa Montesinos Orduña
- Carmen Marie Anne García Moyon
[[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchin Franciscans)]]
- José María Garrigues Hernández
- Modesto García Martí
- Enrique García Beltrán
- Luis Valls Matamales
- Alejandro Más Ginester
- José Ample Alcaide
- José Ferrer Adell
- José Bleda Grau
- Julio Esteve Flors
- Santiago Mestre Iborra
- Mariano Climent Sanchis
- Pedro Salcedo Puchades
Capuchin [Poor Clare Nuns (Capuchinesses)">Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin [Poor Clare Nuns (Capuchinesses)]
- María Vicenta Masiá Ferragud
- María Joaquina Masiá Ferragud
- María Felicidad Masiá Ferragud
- Milagros Ortells Gimeno
- Isabel Calduch Rovira
Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)">Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
- Pascual Fortuño Almela
- Plácido García Gilabert
- Salvador Mollar Ventura
- Alfredo Pellicer Muñoz
Order of [Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans)">Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Order of [Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans)]
- Modesto Vegas Vegas
- Dionisio Vicente Ramos
- Francisco Remón Játiva
- Federico López López
- Eugenio Remón Salvador
- Candido Rivera Rivera
Discalced Augustinian Nuns">Discalced Augustinians">Discalced Augustinian Nuns
- Josefa Ramona Masiá Ferragud
[[Dehonians|Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Dehonians)]]
- Mariano García Méndez
Religious of Mary Immaculate (Claretian Missionary Sisters)">Religious of Mary Immaculate">Religious of Mary Immaculate (Claretian Missionary Sisters)
- María Cinta Asunción Giner Gomis
Order of the [Servants of Mary (Servites)">Servite Order">Order of the [Servants of Mary (Servites)]
[Little Sisters of the Abandoned Elderly]
- Josefa Ruano García
- Dolores Puig Bonany
Sisters of the Pious Schools (Daughters of Mary - Escolapias)
- Maria Baldillou Bullit
- Pascuala Gallén Martí
- María Luisa Girón Romera
- Nazaria Gómez Lezaun
- Antonia Riba Mestres
- María De La Encarnación de la Yglesia de Varo
Capuchin Tertiary Fathers and Brothers of [Our Lady of Sorrows (Amigonians)">Amigonian Friars">Capuchin Tertiary Fathers and Brothers of [Our Lady of Sorrows (Amigonians)]
- José De Miguel Arahal
- Francisco Tomás Serer
- Agustín Hurtado Soler
- José María Sanchís Mompó
- Florentín Pérez Romero
- Urbano Gil Sáez
- Vicente Cabanes Badenas
- Salvador Ferrer Cardet
- Manuel Ferrer Jordá
- Pablo Martínez Robles
- Timoteo Valero Pérez
- Salvador Chuliá Ferrandis
- Vicente Jaunzarás Gómez
- José María Llópez Mora
- Vicente Gay Zarzo
- Justo Lerma Martínez
- Manuel Legua Martí
- Crescencio García Pobo
- José Llosá Balaguer
Capuchin Tertiary [Sisters of the Holy Family (Amigonians)">Amigonian Friars">Capuchin Tertiary [Sisters of the Holy Family (Amigonians)]
- Petra María Victoria Quintana Argos
- Manuela Justa Fernández Ibero
- María Fenollosa Alcaina
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)">Jesuits">Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
- Tomàs Sitjar Fortiá
- Constantino Carbonell Sempere
- Ramón Grimaltos Monllor
- Pere Gelabert Amer
- Josep Tarrats Comaposada
- Pau Bori Puig
- Dario Hernández Morató
- Vicente Sales Genovés
- Narcis Basté Basté
- Alfredo Simón Colomina
- Juan Bautista Ferreres Boluda
Order of Preachers (Dominicans)">Dominican Order">Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
- Antonio Manuel López Couceiro
- Lucio Martínez Mancebo
- Felicísimo Díez González
- Saturio Rey Robles
- Tirso Manrique Melero
- Gumersindo Soto Barros
- Lamberto María De Navascués De Juan
- José María Muro Sanmiguel
- Joaquín Prats Baltueña
- Francisco Calvo Burillo
- Luis Urbano Lanaspa
- Ramon Peiró Victori
- Francisco Monzón Romeo
- Constantino Fernández Álvarez
- Josep Maria Vidal Segú
- Rafael Pardo Molina
- Santiago Meseguer Burillo
- Jacinto Serrano López
Carmelite [Sisters of Charity “Vedruna”">Carmelite Sisters of Charity">Carmelite [Sisters of Charity “Vedruna”]
- Elvira Torrentallé Paraire
- Rosa Pedret Rull
- Maria Calaf Miracle
- María Desamparados Giner Sixta
- Francisca De Amézua Ibaibarriaga
- Teresa Chambó Palet
- Agueda Hernández Amorós
- María Dolores Vidal Cervera
- María De Las Nieves Crespo López
- Ascensión Lloret Marcos
- Purificación Ximénez Y Ximénez
- María Josefa Del Río Messa
- Niceta Plaja Xifra
- Paula Isla Alonso
- Antonia Gosens Sáez De Ibarra
- Daría Campillo Paniagua
- Erundina Colino Vega
- María Consuelo Cuñado González
- María Concepción Odriozola Zabalía
- Feliciana De Uribe Orbe
- Concepción Rodríguez Fernández
- Justa Maiza Goicoechea
- Clara Ezcurra Urrutia
- Cándida Cayuso González
Brothers of the Christian Schools (De La Salle Brothers)">De La Salle Brothers">Brothers of the Christian Schools (De La Salle Brothers)
- Andrés Zarraquino Herrero
- Álvaro Ibáñez Lázaro
- Pedro Lorente Vicente
- Julián Torrijo Sánchez
- Francisco Lahoz Moliner
[Salesians of Don Bosco]
- Xavier Bordas Piferrer
- Jaime Ortiz Alzueta
- Felipe Hernández Martínez
- Zacarías Abadía Buesa
- José Caselles Moncho
- Josep Castell Camps
- José Calasanz Marqués
- Sergio Cid Pazo
- Jaume Buch Canals
- Francisco Bandrés Sánchez
- Josep Batalla Parramon
- Josep Rabasa Betanachs
- Gil Rodicio Rodicio
- Juan Martorell Soria
- Miquel Domingo Cendra
- Josep Bonet Nadal
- Jaume Bonet Nadal
- Pedro Mesonero Rodríguez
- Fèlix Vivet Trabal
- Álvaro Sanjuán Canet
- Ángel Ramos Velázquez
- Eliseo García García
- José Otín Aquilué
- Antonio Martín Hernández
- Recaredo De Los Ríos Fabregat
- Julián Rodríguez Sánchez
- José Giménez López
- Agustín García Calvo
- Juli Junyer Padern
Salesian Cooperators">Salesians of Don Bosco">Salesian Cooperators
- Alexandre Planas Saurí
Daughters of [Mary, Help of Christians (Salesian Sisters)">Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco">Daughters of [Mary, Help of Christians (Salesian Sisters)]
- Carmen Moreno Benítez
- Amparo Carbonell Muñoz