Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt


The Twenty-second Dynasty was an Ancient Egyptian dynasty of ancient Libyan origin founded by Shoshenq I. It is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis.
The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period.

Rulers

The pharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were a series of Meshwesh chieftains, who ruled from c. 943 BC until 716 BC. They had settled in Egypt since the Twentieth Dynasty and were known in Egypt as the 'Great Chiefs of the Ma'. Manetho states that this Egyptianized ancient Libyan dynasty first ruled over Bubastis, but its rulers almost certainly governed from Tanis, which was their capital and the city where their tombs have been excavated.
Another pharaoh who belongs to this group is Tutkheperre Shoshenq. His period of rule within this dynasty is currently uncertain, although he is now thought to have governed Egypt early in the 9th century BC for a short time between Osorkon I and Takelot I. The next ruler at Tanis after Shoshenq V was Osorkon IV. This pharaoh is sometimes not believed to be a member of the 22nd Dynasty since he only controlled a small portion of Lower Egypt together with Tefnakhte of Sais, whose authority was recognised at Memphis—and Iuput II of Leontopolis.

Pharaohs

The known rulers during the Twenty-second Dynasty include:
PharaohImagePrenomen Horus-nameReignConsortComments
Shoshenq IHedjkheperre-SetepenreKanakhtmeryre Sekhaefemnesuersematawy943–922 BCPatareshnes
Karomama A		Possibly to be identified with the biblical Shishak
Osorkon ISekhemkheperre-SetepenreKanakhtmeryre Redjensuitemuhernesetefergeregtawy922–887 BCMaatkare B
Tashedkhonsu
Shepensopdet A
Shoshenq IIHeqakheperre-Setepenre887–885 BCNesitanebetashru
Nesitaudjatakhet		Enjoyed an independent reign of two years at Tanis according to Von Beckerath
Takelot IHedjkheperre-Setepenre885–872 BCKapes
Osorkon IIUsermaatre-SetepenamunKanakhtmerymaat872–837 BCIsetemkheb G
Karomama B
Djedmutesankh		Possibly one of the twelve kings who formed an alliance to fight Shalmaneser III of Assyria at the battle of Qarqar in 853 BC.
Shoshenq IIIUsermaatre-SetepenreKanakhtmesutre837–798 BCTadibast II
Tentamenopet
Djedbastiusankh
Shoshenq IVHedjkheperre-Setepenre798–785 BCNot to be confused with Shoshenq VI; the original Shoshenq IV in publications before 1993
PamiUsermaatre-Setepenamun785–778 BCBuried two Apis bulls in his reign
Shoshenq VAkheperreUserpehty767–730 BCTadibast III?Successor of Shoshenq V was often stated as Osorkon IV;some say it is Pedubast II
Pedubast IISehetepibenre743–733 BCTadibast III?Not mentioned in all Pharaoh lists, placement disputed
Osorkon IVUsermaatre730–716 BCNot always listed as a true member of the XXII Dynasty, but succeeded Shoshenq V at Tanis. Perhaps the biblical Pharaoh So.

Celebration and folklore

The rise to power of the Twenty-second dynasty and its founder Sheshqonq, a Libyan Amazigh king of the Meshwesh tribe, is remembered as year 0 of the Berber calendar celebrated by the Berber New Year each year: the Yennayer. The character is known as Ouchachnaq, hero of a Kabyle tale, "Sheshqonq and Mira", but is also mentioned in an ancient Berber nursery rhyme from the region under the name of Ouchnaq.
Twenty-third Dynasty
The so-called Twenty-third Dynasty was an offshoot of this dynasty perhaps based in Upper Egypt, though there is much debate concerning this issue. All of its kings reigned in Middle and Upper Egypt including the Western Desert Oases.

Readings


Category:10th-century BC establishments in Egypt
Category:8th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt
Category:9th century BC in Egypt
Category:Ancient Libya
Category:Berbers in Egypt
22
Category:Nile Delta
Category:States and territories disestablished in the 8th century BC
Category:States and territories established in the 10th century BC
Category:Tanis
de:Dritte Zwischenzeit #22. Dynastie