2016 Buffalo Bills season
The 2016 season was the Buffalo Bills' 47th in the National Football League, their 57th overall, their fourth under general manager Doug Whaley and their second under head coach Rex Ryan. The Bills hoped to improve on their 8–8 record from 2015, the team's first since 2002, but a 34–31 overtime loss to the Miami Dolphins in Week 16 eliminated the Bills from playoff contention for a 17th season in a row, extending the longest active drought among all four North American major professional sports leagues. It would be Ryan's final season as head coach of the team, as he and his brother, assistant head coach Rob, were fired with one game remaining in the regular season.
Offseason
Roster changes
Signings
Free agents lost
Cuts
Retirements
Draft
Pre-Draft
Prior to the draft, the Bills held visits for 47 players; 8 had previous visits, 23 players visited during the NFL Scouting Combine, 2 at the East–West Shrine Game, 19 had private visits, and 3 had private workouts.Previously, the Bills traded their 2016 seventh-round selection and their 2015 fifth-round selection to the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for quarterback Matt Cassel and the Vikings' 2015 sixth-round selection.
Day-of Activity
The Bills traded their 2016 second-round pick and fourth-round pick to the Chicago Bears in return for Chicago's 2016 second-round pick.Undrafted free agents
All undrafted free agents were signed after the 2016 NFL draft concluded on April 30 unless otherwise noted.| Position | Player | College | Notes |
| QB | Joe Licata | Buffalo | Tryout basis. Signed with Cincinnati Bengals before training camp. |
| FB | Glenn Gronkowski | Kansas State | Brother of Chris, Dan and Rob Gronkowski. Signed with New England Patriots after training camp to reunite with his brother Rob. |
| WR | Davonte Allen | Marshall | |
| WR | Garry Chambers | Arizona State | |
| OT | Keith Lumpkin | Rutgers | |
| OG | Jamison Lalk | Iowa State | |
| OG | Marquis Lucas | WVU | |
| C | Robert Kuglar | Purdue | |
| DT | Justin Zimmer | Ferris | |
| DE | Bryson Albright | Miami | |
| LB | Eric Striker | Oklahoma | |
| CB | Julian Whigham | Syracuse | |
| LS | Reid Ferguson | LSU | |
| K | Marshall Morgan | Georgia |
Staff
On January 10, 2016, one week after the 2015 season ended, Doug Whaley signed a three-year contract extension to remain the Bills general manager. That same day, it was announced that Ryan had hired his twin brother, Rob, to the Bills coaching staff to serve as an assistant head coach and work with the defense. Three days later, Ryan hired former NFL standout Ed Reed to be an assistant defensive backs coach.On January 20, 2016, the Bills promoted Kathryn Smith to special teams quality control coach, making her the first female full-time coach in NFL history. On September 16, 2016, less than 24 hours after losing 37–31 to the New York Jets in their home opener in a game in which the defense failed to stop Jets running back Matt Forte, instead of firing defensive coordinator Dennis Thurman, Ryan pretty much sealed his own fate by firing offensive coordinator Greg Roman and promoting running backs coach Anthony Lynn to the position.
Lynn would later be promoted to interim head coach on December 27, 2016, when the Ryan brothers were fired after the 34–31 overtime loss to the Dolphins eliminated the team from the playoffs.