1st millennium BC in music

Events

• 586 BC – Sakadas of Argos wins the prize for aulos playing at the Pythian Games, the first of three times. His aulos nomoi, especially one portraying the victorious combat of Apollo with the Python, remained popular for over two hundred years.
• 405 BC – Aristophanes, in The Frogs, defends Aeschylus' treatment of poetry and music against the brilliance of Euripides, whom he criticizes for many musical transgressions, and charges Socrates with having advocated the destruction of the musical and literary traditions of tragedy.

Classical music

• 138 or 128 BC - Athenios son of Athenios composes the First Delphic Hymn.
• 128 BC - Limenios, son of Thoinos composes a "Paean and Prosodion to the God", today called the Second Delphic Hymn.
• between 200 BC and 100 AD – the Seikilos epitaph, "Hoson zēs, phainou", inscribed on a stone funerary monument

Musical theatre

• 408 BC – Euripides – Orestes
• 409 BC – Euripides – ''Iphigenia in Aulis''

Births

• ca. 485 BC – Euripides
• ca. 375–360 BC – Aristoxenos of Tarentum
• 2nd century BC – Athenios, son of Athenios
• 2nd century BC – Limenios, son of Thoinos

Deaths

• ca. 406 BC – Euripides
• ca. 300 BC – Aristoxenos of Tarentum
• 2nd or early 1st century BC – Athenios son of Athenios
• 2nd or early 1st century BC – Limenios, son of Thoinos