1 Chronicles 19


1 Chronicles 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE. This chapter records the account of David's wars against the neighboring nations, especially the Ammonites and the Arameans. The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David.

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 19 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex, and Codex Leningradensis.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, which extant ancient manuscripts include Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Marchalianus.

Old Testament references

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David's messengers disgraced (19:1–9)

This section a part of the accounts largely corresponding with 2 Samuel 10:1–11:1; 12:26–31, omitting the episode of David, Bathsheba and Uriah the Hittite and. The death of a king, such as Nahash, the Ammonite, could signal then end of international arrangements with other kingdoms, so David wanted to confirm a good relationship with Nahash's successor, Hanun, but David's successive victories against the Philistines, Moabites, Edomites, and Arameans, made Hanun's counselors suspicious. 1 Chronicles 19:4-8 and 2 Samuel 10:4-7 have a parallel in the Qumran text, which shows that the 'relationship between Samuel and Chronicles was not one of unilateral or unambiguous independence', with distinctive differences such as the spelling of "David" in the books of Samuel differs from that in the Chronicles and 4Q51 as well as some details in numbers.

Verse 6

  • "Become a stench": that is "made themselves odious" or "disgusting".
  • "Talents": literally "", a measurement of weight. One talent was about, so 1000 talents was about. The sum paid by the Ammonites is mentioned only in the Chronicles which often note monetary matters.
  • "Aram-Naharaim": that is "Mesopotamia" is listed here instead of Aram Beth-rehob in 2 Samuel 10:6, perhaps because it was no longer existed at the Chronicler's time, as the Chronicler also excludes "Tob".
  • "Zobah": written as "Zoba" in 2 Samuel 10:6.

Verse 7

  • "Medeba": located c. south-southwest of Rabbah, the capital of the Ammonites; not mention in 2 Samuel.

David defeated the Ammonites and Arameans (19:10–19)

This passage parallels 2 Samuel 10:9–19 with a few differences. The victory of David's army against the Arameans left the Ammonites isolated from their allies.

Verse 18

  • "7000 chariot drivers": The Chronicler multiplies the number of chariots by ten in relation to "700 chariots" in.
  • "40,000 infantry men": or "40,000 foot soldiers"; written as "40,000 horsemen" in 2 Samuel 10:18.
  • "Shophak": spelled as "Shobach" in 2 Samuel 10:18.