1975 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1975 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

Monarch – Elizabeth II
Prime Minister – Harold Wilson

Events

January

6 January – Brian Clough, the former manager of Derby County and more recently Leeds United, is appointed manager of Football League Second Division strugglers Nottingham Forest.
14 January – Seventeen-year-old heiress Lesley Whittle, daughter of the late bus operator George Whittle, is kidnapped at gunpoint from her home near Bridgnorth in Shropshire by Donald Neilson.
15 January – International Women's Year is launched in Britain by Princess Alexandra and Barbara Castle.
20 January – The 1974 Channel Tunnel project is abandoned.
23 January – An express train is derailed at Watford Junction, and the driver is killed.
24 January – Donald Coggan is enthroned as the Archbishop of Canterbury.

February

6 February – Jensen, the British luxury carmaker, makes 700 of its employees redundant – cutting its workforce by two-thirds.
11 February – Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election, becoming the party's first female leader. Thatcher, 49, was Education Secretary in Heath's government from 1970 to 1974.
13 February – Britain's coal miners accept a 35% pay rise offer from the government.
14 February
* Biologist and author Julian Huxley dies aged 87 in London.
* Author and humorist P. G. Wodehouse dies of heart failure aged 91 at Southampton, New York, United States, one month after being awarded a knighthood.
26 February – A fleeing Provisional Irish Republican Army member shoots and kills an off-duty Metropolitan Police officer, Stephen Tibble, 22, in London as he gives chase.
28 February – The Moorgate tube crash; 43 people are killed.

March

1 March – Aston Villa, chasing promotion from the Football League Second Division, win the Football League Cup with the only goal of the Wembley final against Norwich City being scored by Ray Graydon.
4 March – Actor Charlie Chaplin, 85, is knighted by the Queen.
7 March – The body of teenage heiress Lesley Whittle, who was kidnapped at gunpoint from her Shropshire home in January, is discovered in Staffordshire, strangled on a ledge in drains below Bathpool Park near Kidsgrove.
8 March – First appearance of Davros in Doctor Who.
25 March – A large National Front rally is held in London, in protest against European integration.
26 March – British Leyland releases their new family saloon, the Morris 18-22 wedge styled by Harris Mann to replace the ageing Austin 1800 Landcrab range. There are Austin, Morris and the luxury Wolseley versions at launch. However, in less than six months, the entire range is rebranded as the Princess and the marque "Wolseley" is abandoned.

April

3 April – Monty Python and the Holy Grail is released to cinemas in the UK.
5 April – Manchester United clinches promotion back to the First Division one season after relegation.
13 April – A 22-year-old woman is raped at her bedsit in Cambridge. Cambridgeshire Police believe that she is the sixth victim of a rapist who has been operating across the city since October last year. In June, the police arrest 47-year-old Peter Cook for the rapes; he is sentenced to life imprisonment in October.
24 April – Unemployment exceeds the 1,000,000 mark for March 1975.
26 April
* A conference of Labour Party members votes against continued membership of the EEC.
* Derby County win the Football League First Division title for the second time in four seasons.

May

May – Led Zeppelin return to the UK to play five sold-out shows at Earls Court in London.
1 May – Vauxhall launches the Chevette, Britain's first production small hatchback, which is similar in concept to the Italian Fiat 127 and French Renault 5.
3 May – West Ham United win the second FA Cup of their history by defeating Fulham 2–0 in the Wembley final. Alan Taylor scores both goals. Former West Ham and England legend Bobby Moore appears for Fulham.
5 May – St Leonard's Church, Streatham is gutted by fire.
16 May – Major reorganisation of local government in Scotland under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, creating nine new regions and comprehensively redrawing the administrative map. Strathclyde is created out of the historic counties of Lanarkshire, Dunbartonshire, Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, Buteshire and the greater part of Argyll; East Lothian, Midlothian and West Lothian are merged to create Lothian; Central is formed from the historic counties of Clackmannanshire, Stirlingshire and part of Perthshire; Tayside from the historic counties of Angus-shire, Kinross-shire and the remainder of Perthshire; Borders from Peeblesshire, Berwickshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire; Dumfries and Galloway from Dumfries-shire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire; Grampian from Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, Morayshire and Kincardineshire; and Highland from Inverness-shire, Nairnshire, Ross and Cromarty, Sutherland and Caithness. Fifeshire alone is left unchanged.
27 May – Dibbles Bridge coach crash: a tour coach runs away following brake failure and falls off a bridge near Hebden, North Yorkshire, en route to Grassington, killing the driver and 31 female pensioners on board, the highest ever toll in a UK road accident.
28 May – Leeds United are beaten 2–0 by Bayern Munich of West Germany in the European Cup final in Paris, France. Peter Lorimer has a goal for Leeds disallowed and this sparks a riot by angry supporters, who invade the pitch and tear seats away from the stands.
31 May – The European Space Agency is established, with the UK being one of the ten founding members.

June

2 June – Snow showers occur across the country even as far south as London which last happened in June in 1761.
5 June – 67% of voters support continuing membership of the EEC in a referendum.
6 June – Nuneaton rail crash: a sleeper train travelling from London Euston to Glasgow derails, killing six people and injuring 38.
9 June – Proceedings in Parliament are broadcast on radio for the first time.
11 June – In Uganda, British author and adventurer Denis Hills is sentenced to death by firing squad for referring to Idi Amin as a 'village tyrant' but eventually released.
13 June – UEFA places a three-year ban on Leeds United from European competitions due to the behaviour of their fans at last month's European Cup final.
14 June – Ambulance crews in the West Midlands stage a ban on non-emergency calls in a dispute over pay and hours.
17 June – Leeds United lodge an appeal against their ban from European competitions.
19 June – A coroner's court jury returns a verdict of wilful murder, naming Lord Lucan as the murderer, in the inquest on Sandra Rivett, the nanny who was found dead at his wife's London home seven months previously.
30 June – UEFA reduces Leeds United's ban from European competitions to one season on appeal.

July

July – The Government and Trades Union Congress agree to a one-year cash limit on pay rises.
5 July – A 36-year-old Keighley woman, Ann Rogulskyj, is badly injured in a hammer attack in an alleyway in the West Yorkshire town; she is the second victim of Peter Sutcliffe.
19 July – Hatton Cross tube station is opened, completing the first phase of the extension of London Underground's Piccadilly line to Heathrow Airport.

August

1 August – The Government's anti-inflation policy comes into full effect. During the year, inflation reaches 24.2% - the second-highest recorded level since records began in 1750, and the highest since 1800. A summary of the White Paper Attack on Inflation is delivered to all households.
11 August – British Leyland Motor Corporation comes under British government control.
14 August – Hampstead enters the UK Weather Records with the Highest 155-min total rainfall at 169mm.
15 August
* The Birmingham Six are wrongfully sentenced to life imprisonment.
* A 46-year-old Halifax woman, Olive Smelt, is severely injured in a hammer attack in an alleyway in the town.
16 August – Football hooliganism strikes on the opening day of the English league season, with hundreds of fans being arrested at games across the country - the total number of arrests exceeds seventy at the stadiums of Wolverhampton Wanderers and Leicester City.
19 August – Headingley cricket ground is vandalised by people campaigning for release from prison of the armed robber George Davis. A scheduled test match between England and Australia which was meant to take place there has to be abandoned. This is the climax to a campaign in which the slogan George Davis is Innocent has been widely sprayed throughout London.
21 August – The unemployment rate reaches the 1,250,000 mark.
27 August – A 14-year-old, Tracy Browne, is badly injured in a hammer attack in a country lane at Silsden, near Keighley.
31 August – Cavalcade of steam locomotives from Shildon, County Durham, to Darlington, County Durham, to mark the 150th anniversary of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

September

September – Chrysler UK launches its new Alpine five-door family hatchback, a modern front-wheel drive car to compete with the conventional Ford Cortina, Morris Marina and upcoming Vauxhall Cavalier rear-wheel drive saloons. The new car is also built in France as the Simca 1307.
5 September – The London Hilton hotel is bombed by the IRA, killing two people and injuring 63 others.
19 September – The first episode of the popular sitcom Fawlty Towers is broadcast on BBC Two.
24 September – Dougal Haston and Doug Scott become the first British people to climb Mount Everest.
27 September – The National Railway Museum is opened in York, becoming the first national museum outside London.
28 September–3 October – The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken as hostages by armed robbers, takes place in London.

October

October
* Vauxhall announces its second new model launch of the year - the Cavalier, which replaces the Victor, is based on the German Opel Ascona, and is a direct competitor for the big-selling Ford Cortina.
* Statistics show that Britain is in a double-dip recession, as the economy contracted for the second and third quarters of the year.
9 October – An IRA bomb explosion outside Green Park tube station near Piccadilly in London kills one person and injures twenty other people.
13 October – Norton Villiers, the Wolverhampton-based motorcycle producer, closes down with the loss of 1,600 jobs after being declared bankrupt.
23 October – Oncologist Gordon Hamilton Fairley is killed in London by an IRA bomb intended for Sir Hugh Fraser.
28 October – Dr. No is broadcast on ITV, the first time a Bond film is shown on British television.
30 October – West Yorkshire Police launch a murder investigation after 28-year-old prostitute Wilma McCann is found dead in Leeds. She later becomes known as Peter Sutcliffe's first murder victim.
31 October – Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" is released.

November

3 November – A petroleum pipeline from Cruden Bay to Grangemouth across Scotland is formally opened by HM The Queen.
6 November – The first public performance by punk rock band the Sex Pistols takes place.
12 November – The Employment Protection Act establishes Acas to arbitrate industrial disputes, extends jurisdiction of employment tribunals, establishes a Maternity Pay Fund to provide for paid maternity leave and legislates against unfair dismissal.
15 November – The Prime Minister attends the 1st G6 summit, at the Château de Rambouillet in France.
16 November – British and Icelandic ships clash, marking the beginning of the third Cod War.
27 November – Ross McWhirter, 50, co-founder with his twin of the Guinness Book of Records, is shot dead outside his London home by the Provisional Irish Republican Army for offering reward money to informers.
29 November – Former racing driver Graham Hill, 46, and racing driver Tony Brise, 23, are both killed in an air crash in Hertfordshire.

December

December – Donald Neilson, 39, is arrested in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, on suspicion of being the "Black Panther" murderer who is believed to have carried out five murders in the last two years.
5 December – The Government ends Internment of suspected terrorists in Northern Ireland.
6–12 December – Balcombe Street Siege: IRA members on the run from police break into a London flat, taking the residents hostage. The siege ends after six days with the gunmen giving themselves up to the police.
25 December
* The heavy metal band Iron Maiden is formed by Steve Harris in London.
* The Wizard of Oz is shown on British television for the first time, on BBC One.
29 December – Two new laws, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Equal Pay Act 1970, come into force aiming to end unequal pay of men and women in the workplace.

Undated

The Willis Building (Ipswich) is completed, a key early example of Foster Associates' 'high-tech' architectural style.
The British National Oil Corporation is set up.
First annual payment of Short Money made to the Official Opposition in the House of Commons to help with its costs for Parliamentary business.
The Fisher Meredith law firm is established.
Jackie Tabick becomes the first female rabbi in the British Isles.
The white-tailed sea eagle is re-introduced to the UK, on the Isle of Rum.

Publications

Malcolm Bradbury's campus novel The History Man.
Agatha Christie's final Hercule Poirot novel Curtain.
Shirley Conran's guide Superwoman.
Richard Crossman's The Diaries of a Cabinet Minister, after a legal battle with the Government which wished to suppress publication.
Colin Dexter's first Inspector Morse novel Last Bus to Woodstock.
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala's novel Heat and Dust.
David Lodge's campus novel Changing Places.
Paul Scott's novel A Division of the Spoils, the final part of the Raj Quartet.
Gerald Seymour's thriller Harry's Game.
J. G. Ballard’s dystopian novel ''High-Rise''

Births

4 January - David Carrick, serial rapist
6 January - Jason King, radio and television host
8 January - Chris Simmons, actor
13 January - Shazia Mirza, comedian
20 January - Zac Goldsmith, environmentalist and politician
21 January - Nicky Butt, footballer
24 January
* Paul Marazzi, singer
* Lucy Montgomery, comedian, actress and writer
28 January - Lee Latchford-Evans, singer
5 February - Alison Hammond, actress and television presenter
12 February - Shahzada Dawood, businessman, investor, and philanthropist
13 February - Katie Hopkins, media personality, businesswoman and political commentator
18 February
* Keith Gillespie, footballer
* Gary Neville, footballer
25 February - Naga Munchetty, television presenter and journalist
12 March - Amanda Milling, Chairman of the Conservative Party
13 March - Mark Clattenburg, football referee
21 March
* Justin Pierce, British-American actor
* Mark Williams, snooker player
5 April - Caitlin Moran, journalist and broadcaster
9 April - Robbie Fowler, footballer
13 April - Bruce Dyer, footballer
20 April - Olly Robbins, civil servant
1 May - Paloma Baeza, actress and director
2 May - David Beckham, footballer
17 May - Jonti Picking, animator, voice actor and internet personality
18 May - John Higgins, snooker player
20 May - Graham Potter, football player and manager
22 May - Kelly Morgan, badminton player
27 May - Jamie Oliver, chef and television personality
29 May
* Melanie Brown, pop singer
* Sarah Millican, comedian
4 June
* Russell Brand, comedian and actor
* Alex Wharf, English cricketer
10 June - Darren Eadie, English footballer and manager
14 June - Laurence Rickard, actor, writer and comedian
19 June - Ed Coode, rower
13 July - Gareth Edwards, film director
15 July - Jill Halfpenny, actress
17 July - Konnie Huq, television presenter
22 July - Hannah Waterman, actress
26 July - Liz Truss, politician
30 July - Graham Nicholls, artist
31 July - Stephanie Hirst, born Simon Hirst, radio DJ
11 August - Asma al-Assad, born Asma Akhras, spouse of Bashar al-Assad
22 August - Sheree Murphy, actress
12 September - Ian Riches, cricketer
18 September - Ritchie Appleby, football player
23 September - Chris Hawkins, radio personality
25 September - Declan Donnelly, television presenter and one half of Ant and Dec
5 October - Kate Winslet, actress
7 October - Tim Minchin, English-born singer-songwriter and comic performer
9 October - Joe McFadden, actor
16 October - Sally Biddulph, journalist and presenter
25 October - Zadie Smith, born Sadie Smith, novelist
9 November - Gareth Malone, choirmaster
12 November
*Katherine Grainger, rower
*Adele Carlsen, synchronised swimmer
13 November - Gary Burgess, broadcaster and journalist
18 November - Anthony McPartlin, television presenter and one half of Ant and Dec
5 December - Ronnie O'Sullivan, snooker player
6 December - Noel Clarke, actor and film maker
12 December - Jackie Brady, gymnast
20 December - Jacqui Oatley, sports presenter
23 December - Lorna Norris, rower

Deaths

31 January - Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk, peer and Earl Marshal
8 February - Robert Robinson, organic chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
12 February - Bernard Knowles, film director and screenwriter
14 February
* Julian Huxley, biologist
* P. G. Wodehouse, comic writer
22 February - Lionel Tertis, violist
24 February – Una Duval, suffragette
26 February - Stephen Tibble, London police officer
28 February - Neville Cardus, writer on cricket and music
3 March
* Sandy MacPherson, theatre organist
* T. H. Parry-Williams, poet
27 March - Sir Arthur Bliss, composer and conductor
3 April - Mary Ure, actress
14 April - Michael Flanders, actor and songwriter
23 April - William Hartnell, actor
24 April - Pete Ham, musician
20 May - Barbara Hepworth, sculptor
21 May - A. H. Dodd, historian
3 June - Sir Christopher Bonham-Carter, admiral and Treasurer to the Duke of Edinburgh
5 June - Lester Matthews, actor
9 June - Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer, aristocrat
27 June - Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter, politician and academic
28 June - William Ibbett, submariner and radio broadcaster
2 July - James Robertson Justice, actor
7 August - Jim Griffiths, politician
10 September - George Paget Thomson, physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
22 October - Arnold J. Toynbee, historian
23 October - Gordon Hamilton Fairley, oncologist
27 October - Frederick Charles Victor Laws, Royal Air Force officer, pioneer of aerial reconnaissance
25 November
* Edward Hyams, author, historian and gardener
* Moyna Macgill, actress
27 November - Ross McWhirter, co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records
29 November
* Tony Brise, racing driver, plane crash
* Graham Hill, racing driver, plane crash
18 December - R. Ifor Parry, minister, teacher and philanthropist, 67