189th Rifle Division


The 189th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, originally formed as part of the prewar buildup of forces, based on the shtat of September 13, 1939. It began forming just months before the German invasion in the Kiev Special Military District, where it was soon assigned to the 55th Rifle Corps in the reserves of Southwestern Front. It soon left this Corps, first coming under direct command of Southern Front, and then joining 17th Rifle Corps in 18th Army. As the retreat continued through western Ukraine in July the 189th was again reassigned, now to the ill-fated 6th Army. In early August it was encircled near Uman and destroyed.
A second 189th was created on September 23, with the redesignation of the 6th Leningrad Militia Division in 42nd Army. It would mostly remain in this Army into early 1944, defending the southern suburbs of Leningrad on a heavily fortified and largely static front. Beginning of January 15 it took part in the breakthrough of the thick defenses, and as Leningrad Front's forces advanced westward it was transferred to 2nd Shock Army, being awarded a battle honor at the start of February while under this command. After reaching Narva it forced a river crossing, but operations on this sector soon bogged down and the 189th remained on the defensive until early August. At this point it joined in the offensive into Estonia, winning the Order of the Red Banner for its part in the fighting for Tartu, and then being moved to 67th Army for the duration of the war. After the fall of Riga it was largely engaged in coastal watch on the east shore of the Gulf of Riga for the duration of the war. It was disbanded in early 1946.

1st Formation

The division began forming on March 14, 1941, in the Kiev Special Military District. As of June 22 it had the following order of battle:
  • 864th Rifle Regiment
  • 880th Rifle Regiment
  • 891st Rifle Regiment
  • 431st Artillery Regiment
  • 433rd Howitzer Artillery Regiment
  • 79th Antitank Battalion
  • 89th Antiaircraft Battalion
  • 269th Reconnaissance Battalion
  • 366th Sapper Battalion
  • 621st Signal Battalion
  • 100th Medical/Sanitation Battalion
  • 216th Chemical Defense Company
  • 122nd Motor Transport Battalion
  • 254th Motorized Field Bakery
  • 727th Field Postal Station
  • 536th Field Office of the State Bank
Kombrig Aleksandr Semyonovich Chichkanov took command of the division on the day it began forming. This officer had recently served as an adviser to the Mongolian People's Republic and as an instructor at the Frunze Military Academy, but for an unknown reason his rank had not been modernized. Although still far from complete on June 22, it concentrated at Shpykiv the next day. 55th Rifle Corps was in the reserves of Southwestern Front and also contained the 130th and 169th Rifle Divisions. In a STAVKA directive dated June 24 the Corps was transferred to Southern Front, and by the start of July it was under command of 18th Army, although the 189th had been detached to Front reserves. As of July 10 it was part of 17th Rifle Corps, also in 18th Army.

Battle of Uman

By this time, 17th Corps was falling back in front of Hungarian 8th Army Corps in the vicinity of Kamianets-Podilskyi, attempting to form a defense along the Dniestr River. As of around July 14 the Corps was located some 40km northwest of Mohyliv-Podilskyi. While the retreat continued the 189th was detached from the Corps and directed northeast in the general direction of Lypovets. In the process it was again transferred, now to 6th Army, in Southwestern Front, although as the situation deteriorated it would be moved to Southern Front. Operating under direct Army command it was assigned a sector southeast of Pohrebyshche, facing the German 68th Infantry Division by July 23.
The German encirclement operation, which would eventually trap both the 6th and 12th Armies, was now underway. The 189th, which was very deep in the pocket, had no realistic chance of escape, and by about August 11 it had been destroyed, although it was not officially removed from the Red Army order of battle until September 19.
The further career of Kombrig Chichkanov was unusual. He evaded capture, and lived behind enemy lines until March 1943. At this time he was arrested by the Soviet authorities, and would remain in prison until August 21, 1952. On this date he was finally officially condemned to a further sentence of 10 years. However, on July 23, 1953, following Stalin's death, he was released, and within weeks he had been rehabilitated and reinstated in the Soviet Army with the rank of colonel. He retired on September 29, 1959.

6th Leningrad Militia Division

This division of Narodnoe Opolcheniye formed in the period from September 4-16, 1941, based on the Worker's Battalion militia of the Oktyabirskaya and Leningradskoi Districts of Leningrad. It was under the command of Col. Konstantin Akimovich Antonov. Its rudimentary order of battle was as follows:
  • 1st Militia Rifle Regiment - total 2,225 men
  • 2nd Militia Rifle Regiment - total 1,794 men
  • 3rd Militia Rifle Regiment - total 2,328 men
  • Artillery Regiment - total 651 men
  • Sapper Battalion - total 58 men
  • Signal Battalion - total 82 men
  • Medical Battalion - total 55 men
On September 14 the division had 8,189 men assigned, including 654 Communist Party members and 286 Komsomols. Since Army Group North was pushing toward the last-ditch positions of 42nd Army behind Pulkovo, Army Gen. G. K. Zhukov, the commander of Leningrad's defense, ordered Antonov to occupy that defensive line by 0900 hours on September 17, threatening that if his division was not there on time he would stand the officers responsible "against the wall of the Smolny and shoot them there as traitors." Antonov and his men got there on time, and on September 23 the 6th Militia was redesignated as the 189th Rifle Division.

Siege of Leningrad

Once it was redesignated the new 189th had much the same order of battle as the previous formation:
  • 864th Rifle Regiment
  • 880th Rifle Regiment
  • 891st Rifle Regiment
  • 431st Artillery Regiment
  • 79th Antitank Battalion
  • 269th Reconnaissance Company
  • 366th Sapper Battalion
  • 621st Signal Battalion
  • 100th Medical/Sanitation Battalion
  • 216th Chemical Defense Company
  • 122nd Motor Transport Company
  • 353rd Field Bakery
  • 277th Divisional Veterinary Hospital
  • 551st Field Postal Station
  • 802nd Field Office of the State Bank
Colonel Antonov remained in command. The 189th would largely remain in the lines in the Pulkovo area into January 1944, forming a linchpin of the Soviet defenses on the city's southern outskirts. As of October 1, the 42nd Army, under command of Maj. Gen. I. I. Fedyuninskii, was defending a 17km-wide sector from Ligovo to Pulkovo with five rifle divisions and two brigades, supported by the Baltic Fleet. By November 1, the division had taken up a position from the church in Pulkovo to the intersection of the Vitebskaya and Kolpinskaya railroads. It was under command of Komdiv Vasilii Grigorevich Klementov from October 18 to November 28, 1941, when he was replaced by Col. Aleksandr Dmitrievich Kornilov. This officer would remain in command until July 6, 1943.
By late November 1942, the pending defeat of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad led the STAVKA to exploit the victory by breaking the siege of Leningrad. Operation Iskra was in planning from late November with the objective of forcing a corridor across the ShlisselburgSinyavino bottleneck east of the city by linking up the 67th Army from the west with the 2nd Shock Army from the east. The 189th was accordingly reassigned to the 67th in January 1943. The offensive began early on January 12, with a massive two-and-a-half hour artillery preparation against positions held by elements of German 18th Army. The Soviet armies eventually linked up south of Lake Ladoga on January 18, restoring land communications to Leningrad. It is unclear if the 189th played any combat role in the fighting. It remained in 67th Army into March, and was then moved to 55th Army, before returning to its previous role and positions in 42nd Army in April.

Leningrad-Novgorod Offensive

Col. Pavel Karpovich Loskutov took over command of the division on July 7. It remained in 42nd Army into January 1944, at which time it joined the 109th Rifle Corps, under command of Maj. Gen. I. P. Alferov. Prior to the start of the winter offensive the division had organized its own ski battalion.

Krasnoye Selo-Ropsha Offensive

The offensive which finally drove Army Group away from Leningrad began with a powerful artillery preparation at 0935 hours on January 14. The heaviest fire from 42nd Army came from Pulkovo, but this was mainly intended to tie down the defenders. The next morning an even heavier bombardment, totalling of more than 220,000 shells, also began at 0935. The infantry assault stepped off at 1100 against three divisions of the German L Army Corps. On this second day the 30th Guards Rifle Corps in the center penetrated to a depth of 4km on a 5km front, but the 109th and 110th Rifle Corps on its flanks were less successful, gaining only about 1.5km, gnawing their way through heavy defenses in costly successive assaults. Colonel Loskutov was wounded, and he was replaced the next day by Col. Pavel Andreevich Potapov. This officer had previously led the 267th, 191st, and 128th Rifle Divisions and would be promoted to the rank of major general on June 3.
During January 16 the 42nd Army painfully advanced another 3-4km, mainly on the sector of the 30th Guards Corps. By the end of the next day the German forces were being threatened with encirclement as only about 18km separated 42nd Army from 2nd Shock Army attacking from the Oranienbaum Bridgehead west of Leningrad. In the evening of January 19 the two Armies linked up at Russko-Vysotskoye after capturing Krasnoye Selo and Ropsha respectively. The next day the 189th was engaged in fighting right back at the foot of Pulkovo Heights near Ligovo Station. Within days 109th Corps was transferred to 2nd Shock Army.