1891 in Germany
Events in the year 1891 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
- Emperor – Wilhelm II
- Chancellor – Leo von Caprivi
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria – Otto
- King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony – Albert
- King of Württemberg – Charles to 6 October, then William II
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis IV
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis III
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe – Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Colonial Governors
- Cameroon – from 7 August Bruno von Schuckmann '
- German East Africa – Hermann Wissmann ' to 21 February, then Julius Freiherr von Soden
- German New Guinea – Fritz Rose '
- German South-West Africa – Louis Nels ' to March, then Curt von François '
- Togoland – Eugen von Zimmerer ' to 14 April, then vacant
Events
- 23–24 January – 1891 European Figure Skating Championships in Hamburg
Undated
- German company Dr. Oetker is founded in Bielefeld.
- Robert Koch Institute is founded in Berlin.
- International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main
- The modern taximeter is invented by German Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn.
- The Fischer projection is devised by Hermann Emil Fischer.
- August Thyssen and Joseph Thyssen found German steel company Thyssen.
Births
- 8 January – Walther Bothe, German physicist
- 22 January – Bruno Loerzer, German aviator and air force general
- 24 January – Walter Model, German field marshal
- 27 January – Wilhelm Morgner, German painter
- 31 January – Kurt von Plettenberg, German forester
- 14 February – Erich Engel, film and theatre director
- 15 February – Josef Wintrich, German judge
- 17 February – Abraham Fraenkel, Israeli mathematician and Zionist
- 3 March – Fritz Rumey, German World War I fighter ace
- 11 March – Gertrud Wolle, German film actress
- 12 March – Hermann Stenner, German painter
- 24 March – Rudolf Berthold, German fighter pilot
- 28 March – Peter Suhrkamp, German publisher
- 2 April – Max Ernst, German painter
- 10 May – Anton Dostler, German general
- 13 May – Fritz Rasp, German actor
- 13 May – Wilhelm Weskamm, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church
- 16 May – Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace
- 18 May – Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher
- 22 May – Johannes R. Becher, German politician, poet and novelist
- 21 June - Hermann Scherchen, German conductor
- 14 July – Fritz Kampers, German actor
- 14 July – Werner Rittberger, German figure skater
- 29 July – Bernhard Zondek, Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test
- 7 August – Johannes Joseph van der Velden, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church
- 4 September – Fritz Todt, German engineer
- 16 September – Karl Dönitz, German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II
- 22 September – Hans Albers, German actor
- 9 October – Kurt von Tippelskirch, German general
- 22 October – Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg, German politician and landowner
- 25 October – Karl Elmendorff, German conductor
- 14 November – Josef Magnus Wehner, German poet and playwright
- 15 November – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal
- 16 November – Julius Leber, German politician
- 2 December – Otto Dix, German painter and forced Volkssturm conscript
- 6 December – Gotthard Sachsenberg, German World War I naval aviator and fighter ace
- 10 December – Nelly Sachs, German poet and playwright
- 17 December – Karl Emil Schäfer, German World War I fighter ace
Deaths
- 26 January – Nicolaus Otto, German engineer and inventor
- 27 February – Karl Eduard Heusner, German admiral
- 14 March – Ludwig Windthorst, German politician
- 24 April – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal, chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years
- 22 May – Ernst Julius Hähnel, German sculptor
- 23 June – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, chemist
- 21 June – Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff, general
- 6 October – Charles I, King of Württemberg
- 14 December – Ferdinand von Roemer, German geologist
- 29 December – Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician