1630 in science

Astronomy

• Following his recently completed Rudolphine Tables, Kepler predicts a transit of Mercury on 7 November 1631 and a transit of Venus on 6 December 1631. He writes an "admonition" to astronomers to prepare for observations on these dates, which is published after his death by Jacob Bartsch.

Mathematics

• Pierre de Fermat studies the curve later known as the "Witch of Agnesi".

Microscopy

• Francesco Stelluti's Persio tradotto in verso schiolto e dichiarato, published in Rome, is the first book to contain images of organisms viewed through the microscope.

Technology

• Cornelius Drebbel produces an early form of magic lantern or slide projector.

Events

• The first laws prohibiting gambling in America are passed.

Births

• July 19 – François Cureau de La Chambre, French physician
• September 13 – Olof Rudbeck, Swedish physiologist
• October – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician possible date – Johann Kunckel, German chemist

Deaths

• November 15 – Johannes Kepler, astronomer
• Federico Cesi, founder of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, in Rome, Italy
• Johannes Schreck, explorer