12th century in philosophy

This is a list of philosophy-related events in the 12th century. Philosophy at the time was influenced by the ongoing crusades.

Events

c. 1114 – The School of Chartres flourishes as a center of Platonism and natural philosophy under masters like Bernard of Chartres and William of Conches.
1122 – The Concordat of Worms resolves the Investiture Controversy, distinguishing spiritual and temporal authority and influencing philosophical debates on church-state relations.
Mid-12th century – The Latin translation movement peaks, with key works of Aristotle, Avicenna, and Averroes translated in Toledo and Sicily, revitalizing Western philosophy.
1141 – At the Council of Sens, Peter Abelard's theological writings are condemned for heresy by Bernard of Clairvaux, highlighting tensions between dialectic and orthodoxy.
c. 1150 – The University of Paris emerges as a major center for philosophy and theology, fostering scholastic methods.
c. 1167 – The University of Oxford emerges, becoming another hub for philosophical inquiry in England.

Al-Ghazali, Persian theologian and philosopher who critiqued philosophy in The Incoherence of the Philosophers.
Gilbert of Poitiers, French scholastic philosopher known for his metaphysical commentaries on Boethius.
William of Conches, French natural philosopher and Platonist associated with the School of Chartres.
Ibn Tufayl, Andalusian polymath and author of Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.
Averroes, Andalusian polymath and Aristotelian commentator.
Zhu Xi, Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher of the Song dynasty.
Maimonides, Sephardic Jewish philosopher, astronomer, and physician.