119th United States Congress


The 119th United States Congress is the 2025–2027 term of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on January 3, 2025, for the last 17 days of Joe Biden's presidency and will continue during the first two years of Donald Trump's second presidency.
Following the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained its slim majority in the House of Representatives, though the party lost two net seats in the election and thus ended up with a three-seat majority instead of its previous five-seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three-seat majority in the Senate after winning four net seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump's second inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress, which was in session during Trump's first term.
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the 72nd Congress, and the first openly transgender member of Congress in history, Representative Sarah McBride. It also features the fewest split Senate delegations since the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, which established the direct election of U.S. senators.
Despite a trifecta, the first year of the Congress saw the lowest number of House votes in a nonelection year since the 101st Congress in 1990.

History

In the 2024 elections, the Republican Party retained control of the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate, while Republican nominee Donald Trump won the presidential election, securing a second non-consecutive term. The results of the election were attributed to economic conditions of voters and concerns over immigration, particularly the Mexico–United States border crisis.
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in their leadership elections, Senator John Thune of South Dakota was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, among the narrowest controlling majorities in House history with the 65th Congress. Mike Johnson was re-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.
On January 6, a joint session convened to count the presidential Electoral College votes. The proceedings were peaceful, four years after the January 6 Capitol attack, in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disrupted Joe Biden's certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election, Congress has passed revisions to the Electoral Count Act that prevent the vice president from altering the results and significantly raises the bar for certification objections.
Comprising 80% of the membership of the House of Representatives and 89% of the Senate, Baby boomers and Generation X remained the largest generations represented in Congress after having comprised more than 80% of the membership of both chambers since at least the 115th United States Congress and Baby boomers alone comprising the majority of the House of Representatives and the Senate since the 106th United States Congress and the 111th United States Congress respectively.

Major events

Enacted

;Bills passed in the House waiting for the Senate
  • : Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act
  • : Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act
  • : Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act
  • : Protecting American Energy Production Act
  • : Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act
  • : Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act
  • : Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act
  • : United States-Taiwan Expedited Double-Tax Relief Act
  • : Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act
  • : MEGOBARI Act
  • : Midnight Rules Relief Act
  • : Tennessee Valley Authority Salary Transparency Act
  • : Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act
  • : Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act
  • : Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience Act of 2025
  • : Wounded Knee Massacre Memorial and Sacred Site Act
  • : Hershel Woody Williams National Medal of Honor Monument Location Act
  • : Modernizing Access to our Public Waters Act of 2025
  • : Securities and Exchange Commission Real Estate Leasing Authority Revocation Act
  • : Amtrak Executive Bonus Disclosure Act
  • : Lake Winnibigoshish Land Exchange Act of 2025
  • : Accurately Counting Risk Elimination Solutions Act
  • : Supporting the Health of Aquatic systems through Research Knowledge and Enhanced Dialogue Act of 2025
  • : Disabled Veterans Housing Support Act
  • : Eastern Band of Cherokee Historic Lands Reacquisition Act
  • : Special Interest Alien Reporting Act of 2025
  • : Gulf of America Act
  • : Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2025
  • : Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act of 2025
  • : Chinese Currency Accountability Act of 2025
  • : Semiquincentennial Congressional Time Capsule Act
  • : Fix Our Forests Act
  • : Subterranean Border Defense Act
  • : Recruiting Families Using Data Act of 2025
  • : Vietnam Veterans Liver Fluke Cancer Study Act
  • : China Exchange Rate Transparency Act of 2023
  • : Medal of Honor Act
  • : DHS Biodetection Improvement Act
  • : Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend Against the CCP Act
  • : Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act
  • : Protect Small Businesses from Excessive Paperwork Act of 2025
  • : Investing in Main Street Act of 2025
  • : Mail Traffic Deaths Reporting Act of 2025
  • : Nutria Eradication and Control Reauthorization Act of 2025
  • : DOE and SBA Research Act
  • : Rural Small Business Resilience Act
  • : Small Business Procurement and Utilization Reform Act of 2025
  • : Assisting Small Businesses Not Fraudsters Act
  • : Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act
  • : Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025
  • : 9/11 Memorial and Museum Act
  • : Emergency Wildfire Fighting Technology Act of 2025
  • : Safe and Smart Federal Purchasing Act
  • : TSA Commuting Fairness Act
  • : Federal Contractor Cybersecurity Vulnerability Reduction Act of 2025
  • : Deliver for Veterans Act
  • : Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act
  • : Chronic Disease Flexible Coverage Act
  • : Housing Unhoused Disabled Veterans Act
  • : Fairness for Servicemembers and their Families Act of 2025
  • : Credit Union Board Modernization Act
  • : Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserves Tuition Fairness Act of 2025
  • : Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act
  • : National Taxpayer Advocate Enhancement Act of 2025
  • : Internal Revenue Service Math and Taxpayer Help Act
  • : Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act
  • : Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions Act
  • : Electronic Filing and Payment Fairness Act
  • : Recovery of Stolen Checks Act
  • : Pandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act
  • : Decoupling from Foreign Adversarial Battery Dependence Act
  • : United States Research Protection Act
  • : Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act of 2025
  • : DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act
  • : DOE and NSF Interagency Research Act
  • : DOE and NASA Interagency Research Coordination Act
  • : Securing the Cities Improvement Act
  • : Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act
  • : Guidance Out Of Darkness Act
  • : No Rogue Rulings Act
  • : Innovative Mitigation Partnerships for Asphalt and Concrete Technologies Act
  • : Producing Advanced Technologies for Homeland Security Act
  • : Strategic Ports Reporting Act
  • : Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
  • : No Wrong Door for Veterans Act
  • : Mental Health in Aviation Act of 2025
  • : Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025
;Bills proposed in the House
;Bills passed in the Senate waiting for the House
  • : Local Access to Courts Act
  • : No Tax On Tips Act
  • : Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2025
  • : Justice for Murder Victims Act
  • : District of Columbia Local Funds Act, 2025
;Bills proposed in the Senate
;Bills in Conference Committee
  • : Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026