1094

Events

Spring - Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General Tatikios to Nicaea, in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of Barkiyaruq's army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. Abu'l-Qasim, Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.

May - El Cid completes his conquest of Valencia in Al-Andalus and begins his rule there. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails.
May–June - Duncan, son of the late King Malcolm III of Scotland, gathers a substantial army, chiefly Anglo-Normans from England, and challenges his uncle Donald III for the Kingdom of Scotland. Duncan is crowned king at Scone.
July 28 - William Bertrand dies, and his margravial title of Provence is inherited by Raymond IV, who becomes count of Toulouse.
November 12 - Donald III mobilizes his army and kills Duncan II in battle in the Scottish Lowlands, re-taking the Scottish throne.

After the death of Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, his son-in-law and vizier Al-Afdal declares al-Musta'li, a younger son of al-Mustansir, in a coup d'état as new Caliph. Al-Mustansir's designated heir, Nizar, flees to Alexandria.

February 3 - Caliph of Baghdad al-Muqtadi dies and is succeeded by his nominated heir Ahmad.
October - Seljuk sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.