107th United States Congress
The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2001, to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
The House of Representatives had a Republican majority throughout the session, while the Senate was tied 50–50 for only the second time in history resulting in numerous changes in the majority. [Vice Vice President of the United States|President of the United States|Vice President] Al Gore gave Democrats a majority for 17 days, then a Republican majority after Dick Cheney became Vice President on January 20, 2001. Senator Jim Jeffords became an independent who caucused with the Democrats on June 6, 2001, giving the party a 51–49 majority for the rest of the Congress.
When Bush was sworn in as president on January 20, the Republicans held a federal trifecta for the first time since the 83rd Congress in 1955.
Major events
A rare even split in the United States Senate, the defection of a Senator, and the inauguration of a new Vice President, led to three changes in majorities.- January 3, 2001: The 107th Congress officially begins, with the Senate split 50–50. Democrat Al Gore — the outgoing Vice President — briefly gives the Democrats a majority.
- January 3, 2001: First Lady Hillary Clinton, wife of outgoing President Bill Clinton, became the first, and, to date, only presidential spouse to hold political office.
- January 6, 2001: A joint session to count the presidential Electoral College votes of the 2000 presidential election.
- January 20, 2001: George W. Bush was sworn in as the 43rd President of the United States; simultaneously, Dick Cheney was sworn in as the 46th Vice President, giving Republicans a Senate majority.
- February 27, 2001: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress.
- May 24, 2001: Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party, becoming an independent who caucused with the Democrats, giving them a majority from June 6.
- September 11, 2001: The September 11 attacks occurred.
- September 20, 2001: President Bush addressed a joint session of Congress, announcing the investigation into the September 11 attacks.
- October 7, 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom began with airstrikes against the Taliban.
- October 9, 2001: Anthrax spores were mailed to, among others, two Senators, Majority Leader Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy.
- December 2001: Accounting scandals arise from the financial practices of Enron and WorldCom.
- June 12, 2002: John Howard, the Prime Minister of Australia, addressed a joint session of Congress. The address was originally scheduled for September 12, 2001, but was postponed after the September 11 attacks.
- September 6, 2002: Over 300 members of both houses of Congress meet in Federal Hall, New York City, to mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks and memorialize the victims.
- October 25, 2002: Senator Paul Wellstone, dies in a plane crash, and non-caucusing Independence Party member Dean Barkley is appointed to hold the seat until a special election was held.
- November 23, 2002: Jim Talent wins the United States Senate special election for a Missouri seat, giving Republicans the majority once again.
Major legislation
- June 7, 2001: Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act,,
- September 18, 2001: Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001,
- September 22, 2001: Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act,
- September 28, 2001: Trade Agreement,
- October 26, 2001: "USA PATRIOT" Act,,
- October 27, 2001: International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001,
- November 19, 2001: Aviation and Transportation Security Act,
- December 18, 2001: [Muscular Dystrophy Community Assistance United States House Science Subcommittee on Research|Research and Education Amendments of 2001|MD-Care Act],
- December 21, 2001: Economic Recovery Act of 2001,
- January 8, 2002: No Child Left Behind Act,,
- January 8, 2002: District of Columbia Police Coordination Amendment Act of 2001,
- January 11, 2002: Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act,,
- March 9, 2002: Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act,,
- March 27, 2002: Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act,,
- May 13, 2002: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002,,
- May 14, 2002: Hematological Cancer Research Investment and Education Act,
- May 14, 2002: Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002,
- May 15, 2002: Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation (No-FEAR) Act of 2002,
- July 30, 2002: Sarbanes–Oxley Act,,
- August 5, 2002: Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002,
- August 6, 2002: Trade Act of 2002,,
- October 1, 2002: National Construction Safety Team Act,
- October 16, 2002: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq,,
- October 21, 2002: Sudan Peace Act,,
- October 29, 2002: Help America Vote Act,,
- November 6, 2002: Rare Diseases Act of 2002,
- November 25, 2002: Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002,
- November 25, 2002: Homeland Security Act,,
- November 26, 2002: Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002,
- December 17, 2002: E-Government Act of 2002,,
Leadership
Senate
- President: Al Gore, until January 20, 2001
- * Dick Cheney, from January 20, 2001
- President pro tempore: Robert Byrd, until January 20, 2001
- * Strom Thurmond, January 20 – June 6, 2001
- * Robert Byrd, from June 6, 2001
Republican leadership
- Minority Leader: Trent Lott, until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- * Majority leader January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Minority Whip: Don Nickles, until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- * Majority whip January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Republican Conference Chairman: Rick Santorum
- Republican Conference Secretary: Kay Bailey Hutchison
- Republican Campaign Committee Chair: Bill Frist
- Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Larry Craig
Democratic leadership
- Majority Leader: Tom Daschle, until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- * Minority leader January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Majority Whip: Harry Reid, until January 20, 2001, and from June 6, 2001
- * Minority whip January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Democratic Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan
- Democratic Conference Secretary: Barbara Mikulski
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patty Murray
- Democratic Chief Deputy Whip: John Breaux
House of Representatives
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Dick Armey
- Majority Whip: Tom DeLay
- Chief Deputy Whip: Roy Blunt
- Republican Conference Chairman: J. C. Watts
- Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Deborah Pryce
- Republican Conference Secretary: Barbara Cubin
- Policy Committee Chairman: Christopher Cox
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Thomas M. Davis
- House Rules Committee Chairman: David Dreier
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Dick Gephardt
- Minority Whip: David E. Bonior, until January 15, 2002
- * Nancy Pelosi, from January 15, 2002
- Chief Deputy Minority Whips: John Lewis, Ed Pastor, Max Sandlin & Maxine Waters
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Martin Frost
- Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman: Bob Menendez
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Nita Lowey
Members
Senate
Senators are listed by their class. In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 2002; Class 3 meant their term began in the previous Congress, facing re-election in 2004; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 2006.Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware
Kansas">List of United States senators from Kansas">Kansas
Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
West Virginia">List of United States senators from West Virginia">West Virginia
House of Representatives
Congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself.Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware
Kansas">List of United States representatives from Kansas">Kansas
Mississippi">List of United States representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi
New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York
South Carolina">List of United States representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina
West Virginia">List of United States representatives from West Virginia">West Virginia
Committees
Senate
- Aging (Special)
- [United States Senate Committee on United States House Committee on Agriculture|Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry|Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry]
- * Forestry, Conservation and Rural Revitalization
- * Marketing Inspection and Product Promotion
- * Production and Price Competitiveness
- * Research, Nutrition and General Legislation
- Appropriations
- * Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- * Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- * Defense
- * District of Columbia
- * [United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on United States House Science Subcommittee on Energy|Energy and Water Development|Energy and Water Development]
- * Foreign Operations
- * Interior
- * Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
- * Legislative Branch
- * Military Construction
- * Transportation
- * Treasury and General Government
- * VA, HUD and Independent Agencies
- Armed Services
- * Airland
- * Emerging Threats and Capabilities
- * Personnel
- * Readiness and Management Support
- * Seapower
- * Strategic
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
- * Economic Policy
- * Financial Institutions
- * Housing and Transportation
- * International Trade and Finance
- * Securities
- Budget
- [United States Senate Committee on Commerce, United States House Committee on Science|Science and Transportation|Commerce, Science and Transportation]
- * Aviation
- * Communications
- * Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism
- * Oceans, Atmosphere and Fisheries
- * Science, Technology and Space
- * Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine
- Energy and Natural Resources
- * Energy Research, Development, Production and Regulation
- * Forests and Public Land Management
- * National Parks, Historic Preservation and Recreation
- * Water and Power
- Environment and Public Works
- * Clean Air, Wetlands and Climate Change
- * Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water
- * Superfund, Toxics, Risk and Waste Management
- * Transportation, Infrastructure and Nuclear Safety
- Ethics (Select)
- Finance
- * Health Care
- * International Trade
- * Long-Term Growth and Debt Reduction
- * Social Security and Family Policy
- * Taxation and IRS Oversight
- Foreign Relations
- * African Affairs
- * Central Asia and the South Caucasus
- * East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- * European Affairs
- * International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion
- * International Operations and Terrorism
- * Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- * Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, Narcotics and Terrorism
- Governmental Affairs
- * International Security, Proliferation and Federal Services
- * Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring and the District of Columbia
- * Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- Indian Affairs (Select)
- Intelligence (Select)
- Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
- * Children and Families
- * Public Health
- * Aging
- * Employment, Safety and Training
- Judiciary
- * [United States Senate United States House Committee on Judiciary|Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Oversight and the Courts|Administrative Oversight and the Courts]
- * Antitrust, Business Rights and Competition
- * Constitution, Federalism and Property Rights
- * Crime and Drugs
- * Immigration
- * Technology, Terrorism and Government Information
- Rules and Administration
- Small Business
- Veterans' Affairs
House of Representatives
- Agriculture
- * Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition and Forestry
- * Conservation, Credit, Rural Development and Research
- * Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition and Forestry
- * General Farm Commodities and Risk Management
- * Livestock and Horticulture
- * Specialty Crops and Foreign Agriculture Programs
- Appropriations
- * Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration and Related Agencies
- * Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
- * Defense
- * District of Columbia
- * Energy and Water Development
- * Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs
- * Interior
- * Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
- * Legislative
- * Military Construction
- * Transportation
- * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- * VA-HUD Independent Agencies
- Armed Services
- * Military Installations and Facilities
- * Military Personnel
- * Military Procurement
- * Military Readiness
- * Military Research and Development
- * Special Oversight Panel on Morale, Welfare and Recreation
- * Special Oversight Panel on the Merchant Marine
- * Department of Energy Reorganization
- * Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism
- Budget
- Education and the Workforce
- * Employer-Employee Relations
- * Workforce Protections
- * 21st Century Competitiveness
- * Education Reform
- * Select Education
- Energy and Commerce
- * Commerce, Trade and Consumer Production
- * Energy and Air Quality
- * Environment and Hazardous Materials
- * Health
- * Oversight and Investigations
- * Telecommunications and the Internet
- Financial Services
- * Capital Markets, Insurance and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
- * Domestic Monetary Policy, Technology and Economic Growth
- * Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
- * Housing and Community Opportunity
- * International Monetary Policy and Trade
- * Oversight and Investigations
- Government Reform
- * Census
- * Civil Service and Agency Organization
- * Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources
- * District of Columbia
- * Energy Policy, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs
- * Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations
- * National Security, Veterans' Affairs and International Relations
- * Technology and Procurement Policy
- House Administration
- International Relations
- * Africa
- * East Asia and the Pacific
- * Europe
- * International Operations and Human Rights
- * The Middle East and South Asia
- * Western Hemisphere
- Judiciary
- * Commercial and Administrative Law
- * The Constitution
- * Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property
- * Crime
- * Immigration and Claims
- Resources
- * Energy and Mineral Resources
- * Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans
- * National Parks, Recreation and Public Lands
- * Forests and Forest Health
- * Water and Power
- Rules
- * The Legislative Process
- * Technology and the House
- Science
- * Energy
- * Environment, Technology and Standards
- * Research
- * Space and Aeronautics
- Small Business
- * Regulatory Reform and Oversight
- * Rural Enterprises, Agriculture and Technology
- * Tax, Finance and Exports
- * Workforce, Empowerment and Government Programs
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Transportation and Infrastructure
- * Aviation
- * Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation
- * Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management
- * Highways and Transit
- * Railroads
- * Water Resources and Environment
- Veterans' Affairs
- * Benefits
- * Health
- * Oversight and Investigations
- Ways and Means
- * Health
- * Human Resources
- * Oversight
- * Select Revenue Measures
- * Social Security
- * Trade
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States">Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Alan M. Hantman
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
- Comptroller General of the United States: David M. Walker
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Dan Crippen
- Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
- Public Printer of the United States: Michael F. DiMario, until 2002
- * Bruce James, from 2002
Senate
- Chaplain: Lloyd John Ogilvie
- Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Bob Dove, until May 2001
- * Alan Frumin, May 2001 - end
- Secretary: Gary Lee Sisco, until July 11, 2001
- * Jeri Thomson, July 12, 2001 - end
- Librarian: Greg Harness
- Sergeant at Arms: James W. Ziglar, until August 2, 2001
- * Alfonso E. Lenhardt, September 4, 2001 - end
- Secretary for the Majority / Minority:
- * Martin P. Paone
- * Elizabeth B. Letchworth
- * David J. Schiappa
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin
- Chief Administrative Officer: James M. Eagen III
- Clerk: Jeff Trandahl
- Parliamentarian: Charles W. Johnson
- Reading Clerks:
- * Mary Kevin Niland
- * Paul Hays
- Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
- Inspector General: Steven McNamara