Archdiocese of Seattle


The Archdiocese of Seattle is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western Washington State in the United States. The diocese was known as the Diocese of Nesqually from 1850 to 1907. The mother church of the archdiocese is St. James Cathedral in Seattle. Its archbishop is Paul D. Etienne. The archdiocese succeeded to the Diocese of Nesqually headquartered in Vancouver, Washington, established in 1850 as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Oregon City. The diocese was elevated to metropolitan archdiocesan status in 1951.

Ecclesiastical province

The Archdiocese of Seattle encompasses 144 parishes west of the Cascade Range. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of two suffragan dioceses:
As of 2022, the archdiocese reported that it served approximately served 899,000 Catholics in 143 parishes with 191 diocesan priests, 79 religious priests, 113 permanent deacons, 92 male religious and 234 female religious.
The archdiocese has eleven hospitals, two health care centers, nineteen homes for the elderly, three day care centers, ten specialized homes, and 111 centers for social services.

History

1830 to 1850

The Catholic presence in what was then Oregon Country dates to the arrival in the 1830s of missionary priests François Blanchet and Modeste Demers from the British colony of Lower Canada.
In 1843, the Vatican established the Vicariate Apostolic of the Oregon Territory and named François Blanchet as its vicar apostolic. In 1846, Pope Gregory XVI divided the vicariate into three dioceses:
That same year, Gregory XVI named Augustin-Magloire Blanchet, the brother of François Blanchet, as the bishop of Walla Walla. According to contemporary accounts, Augustin-Magloire Blanchet was unhappy to discover that Walla Walla was no more than a trading post. He immediately ran into conflict with the Oblate order priests in the diocese who were performing missionary work. They refused Blanchet's efforts to assign them to parishes. Blanchet also tried to claim an Oblate mission property for the diocese that the Oblates had received from a Native American tribe.
In November 1847, conflicts between Protestant missionaries and the Cayuse escalated into violence. Several tribesmen murdered ten Americans, including two Protestant missionaries, near Walla Walla in what was termed the Whitman massacre. Despite attempts by the Cayuse tribe to defuse the conflict, American settlers raised militias to punish them for the killings. Local Protestants accused the Catholic clergy of being in league with the Cayuse. This animosity, the warfare between the U.S. Army and the Cayuse and the failure of the diocese to grow prompted the Vatican to move Blanchet to safety in St. Paul in the Willamette Valley of Oregon.

1850 to 1903

On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX officially suppressed the defunct Diocese of Walla Walla and erected the Diocese of Nesqually in its place.The pope appointed Augustin Blanchet as bishop of the new diocese. In January 1851, Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the cathedral for the diocese.
In 1868, Francis X. Prefontaine requested Blanchet's permission to build a church near Pioneer Square in Seattle to support the city's first Catholic parish, Our Lady of Good Help. Blanchet gave Prefontaine permission to build a church there, on the condition that Prefontaine raise all the money for it. Prefontaine in 1869 opened Seattle's first Catholic church.
After Blanchet retired in 1879, Egidius Junger succeeded him. The diocese experienced considerable growth under Junger's administration, including an increase in the number of priests and parishes and an increase in the number of nuns from 60 to 286. St. Leo the Great, established in 1879, was the first Catholic Church in Tacoma. Junger built a large cathedral in Vancouver in 1888. The $50,000 debt incurred by the project became a burden for the diocese.
In 1891, the Jesuits opened a parish school for boys at Immaculate Conception Parish. It became Seattle College in 1898. Today it is Seattle University. Our Lady of Hope, the first Catholic church in Everett, was dedicated in 1892. Junger died in 1895.
Edward O'Dea replaced Junger in 1896. When he took office, O'Dea was confronted with financial difficulties, including a $25,000 debt for the construction of the cathedral.

1903 to 1951

In 1903, O'Dea petitioned the Vatican to move the episcopal see from Vancouver to Seattle, due to the increased population and economy of Seattle. He began construction on a new cathedral in Seattle in 1905. In 1907, the Vatican suppressed the Diocese of Nesqually and erected the Diocese of Seattle, with O'Dea as its first bishop.He dedicated St. James Cathedral in Seattle that same year. In 1913, the Vatican erected the Diocese of Spokane, taking its territory from the Diocese of Seattle. O'Dea guided the diocese through World War I and the anti-Catholic sentiment engendered by Initiative 49, a Ku Klux Klan-sponsored effort in Washington State to outlaw parochial schools. His final accomplishment was the establishment of St. Edward Seminary in Kenmore in 1930. O'Dea died in 1932.
The second bishop of Seattle was Gerald Shaughnessy. Shaughnessy took office in 1933 kept the diocese financially stable during the Great Depression. He encouraged the formation of Serra International and served as its first chaplain. He also supported the St. Vincent de Paul Society and Catholic Charities chapters in the diocese. In 1948, Pope Pius XII appointed Auxiliary Bishop Thomas Connolly from the Archdiocese of San Francisco as coadjutor bishop to assist Shaughnessy, who had not fully recovered from a stroke three years earlier. When Shaughnessy died in 1950, Connolly automatically succeeded him as bishop of Seattle.

1951 to 1991

Pius XII elevated the Diocese of Seattle to the Archdiocese of Seattle on June 23, 1951, while taking some of its territory to erect the Diocese of Yakima. The pope named Connolly as the first archbishop of Seattle. During his tenure, Connolly became known as a "brick and mortar bishop" for his construction of hundreds of Catholic facilities to accommodate the post-World War II population growth in the archdiocese. He renovated St. James Cathedral; established 43 new parishes; and supervised construction of over 350 churches, schools, rectories, convents, parish halls, and religious education centers. Connolly was an outspoken supporter of the American civil rights movement and ecumenism. When Connolly retired in 1975, Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Raymond Hunthausen from the Diocese of Helena as his successor.
By 1983, the Vatican was allegedly receiving complaints that Hunthausen was deviating from Catholic doctrine on matters such as the providing of artificial contraception in Catholic hospitals and the church's policies on gay and divorced Catholics. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, investigated Hunthausen. Ratzinger appointed Archbishop James Hickey of the Diocese of Washington as apostolic visitor to conduct the investigation. After meeting with Hunthausen and examining archdiocesan policies, Hickey concluded that Hunthausen had exercised "weak doctrinal leadership" in a number of areas. These included allowing children to receive the sacrament of communion without first having received the sacrament of penance.
In response to Hickey's investigation, John Paul II named Donald Wuerl in January 1986 as an auxiliary bishop in Seattle. In May 1986, Hunthausen and Wuerl found themselves in opposition on proposed state legislation to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment. At that point, Hunthausen learned for the first time that Wuerl had been given authority over him on many issues. Hunthausen publicly revealed the Vatican's actions in September 1986, calling the arrangement unworkable. While some chancery officials expressed support for Wuerl, some questioned his role and saw little impact on the archdiocese a year after his appointment. In November 1986, Hunthausen took his grievances to the meeting of the US Conference of Catholic Bishops, which sided in his favor.
In February 1987, after appointing a commission to study the controversy in Seattle, John Paul II met with Hunthausen in Rome. In 1987, Bishop Thomas Murphy of the Diocese of Great Falls-Billings was made coadjutor archbishop in Seattle to assist Hunthausen. In March 1988, John Paul II named Wuerl as bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburgh. When Hunthausen retired in 1991, Murphy replaced him as archbishop of Seattle

1991 to 2010

Murphy oversaw an extensive renovation of St. James Cathedral, completed in 1994. Under Murphy's administration the archdiocese saw an increase in registered Catholics, and an increase in outreach and ministries for women, various ethnic groups, and LGBT individuals.
In 1992, Murphy opened Elizabeth House in Seattle, which provided medical care and job training for pregnant teens.For small Washington towns that were suffering from cutbacks in the timber industry, Murphy provided $500,000 to assist in starting small businesses. To help offset the declining numbers of priests, he provided financial support to a Seattle University program to train lay people in assist in some parish duties. Murphy died in 1997.
To replace Murphy, John Paul II named Bishop Alexander Brunett of Helena as archbishop of Seattle in 1997. Despite the economic recession, annual contributions from Catholics in Western Washington doubled during Brunett's tenure as archbishop, providing funding for the construction of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School, which opened in 2009 in Vancouver and Pope John Paul II High School, which opened in 2010 in Lacey. Brunett also helped launch the Fulcrum Foundation, which provides scholarships to poor families to send their children to Catholic schools and oversaw the $7 million purchase, renovation and expansion of the Palisades Retreat Center in Federal Way. Brunett retired in 2009.