Bhuvanaikabahu VI
Bhuvanekabahu VI of Kotte, also known as Sapumal Kumaraya or Yudistra Darma Dorai and Chempaka Perumal, was an adopted son of Parakramabahu VI. His principal achievement was the conquest of Jaffna Kingdom, a historical kingdom of what today is northern Sri Lanka, in 1447 or 1450.
Although he was victorious and ruled, he was unable to prevent Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan and his two son's return from Madurai with mercenaries to wrest the Jaffna Kingdom from Kotte's over lordship in 1467. Thus Jaffna Kingdom became independent in 1467. Bhuvanaikabahu was apparently summoned south after the demise of his adopted father. He then ruled for 8 years. According to Rajavaliya, he killed the grandson of Parakrama Bahu VI, namely Vira Parakrama Bahu or Jaya Bahu.
Do Couto, however, who was well-informed, says after a few years' reign Parkramabahu died and his half-witted son was put on the throne by his aunt, who two years later finding herself unable to rule sent for Sapumal Kumaraya from Jaffna.
Origin theories
There are number of theories as to his ethnic origin and the reason for the rebellion against his rule. According to John Holt, he was an ethnic Tamil from the malabar part of the island, whereas other sources say that he may have come from the Malabar region, Tulunadu or the Coromandel Coast.He has also been identified as adopted by Parakramabahu VI after the death of his father Manikka Thalaivan, a Karaiyar chief, who was killed in a battle mentioned in the manuscript Mukkara Hatana. According to some sources Sapumal was of mixed heritage and had a Sinhalese mother.
He is credited with building the Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna as well as other temples and Buddhist vihares in the south. The rebellion against him is seen as a reflection of ethnic Sinhalese identity against a perceived outsider.
Conquest of Jaffna
The conquest of the Jaffna kingdom took place in many stages. First, the tributaries to Jaffna in the Vanni area, the Vanniar chieftains of the Vannimai, were neutralised. Two successive invasions followed. The first invasion did not succeed in capturing the kingdom. The second invasion in 1450 eventually did. Apparently connected with this war of conquest was an expedition to Adriampet in modern South India, occasioned, according to Valentyn, by the seizure of a Lankan ship laden with cinnamon. The Tenkasi inscription of Arikesari Parakrama Pandya of Tinnevelly "who saw the backs of kings at Singai, Anurai", and elsewhere, may refer to these wars; it is dated between A.D. 1449–50 and 1453–4. Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan the Aryacakravarti king fled to South India with his family. But after Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan and his two son's returned from Madurai with mercenaries to wrest the Jaffna Kingdom from Kotte's over lordship, Jaffna Kingdom became Independent.This victory seemed to have left a very important impression on the Sinhalese literati and political leaders. The glory of Sapumal Kumaraya is sung in the Kokila Sandesaya, written in the fifteenth century by the Principal Thera of the Irugalkula Tilaka Pirivena in Mulgirigala. The book contains a contemporary description of the country traversed on the road by the cookoo bird from Devi Nuwara in the south to Nallur in the north.
The return of the prince to Kotte was sung by the poet, Sri Rahula Thera of Totagomuva in the Selalihini Sandesaya thus:
He is known as Chempaha Perumal as well as Ariavettaiadum Perumal in Tamil sources.
Although he was victorious and ruled as Srisangabodhi Bhuvanekabhahu, he was unable to prevent Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan and his two son's return from Madurai with mercenaries to wrest the Jaffna Kingdom from Kotte's over lordship.