Parián (Manila)
Parián or Pantin, also Parián de Arroceros was an area in Manila adjacent to Intramuros originally built as a market. It later became a Sangley ghetto in the 16th and 17th centuries during the Spanish rule in the Philippines. The place gave its name to the gate connecting it to Intramuros, the Puerta del Parián.
History
Before the Spanish conquest of Manila in the Battle of Manila (1570), a Sangley Chinese community had already settled in Baybay near Tondo on the north bank of the Pasig river. Around the years after 1581, a place closer to the city south of the Pasig river had been set aside as an open market. This market, rapidly attracted large numbers of traders and craftsmen, most of whom being Chinese immigrants coming from Southern Fujian, where the main port of embarkation at the time was at Haicheng.As Manila's main market area directly outside the walls of Intramuros, the Parián rapidly became the main commercial center of Manila for centuries. The community had more than a hundred shops comprising the Chinese silk market, small shops of tailors, cobblers, painters, bakers, confectioners, candle makers, silversmiths, apothecaries and other tradesmen.The location of the Parián moved from time to time and persisted until 1790, when it was torn down to make room for new fortifications on the northern side of Intramuros. The first Parián stood at the current site of the Arroceros Forest Park along the banks of the Pasig River. The second Parián was built in 1583 after the first Parián burned down. The original location is now called Liwasang Bonifacio. The second-to-last Parián was octagonal in shape, and also located beside the Pasig River. The Chinese community was later moved to other districts of Manila north of the Pasig river including Binondo, San Nicolas, Santa Cruz, and Tondo, which these areas are now known as "Manila Chinatown", especially Binondo as its heart. Finally, Binondo became known as Manila's Chinatown district due to its history as the settlement area for Catholic Sangley Chinese residents since the Spanish era.
Name
According to historian Resil Mojares, the Philippine Spanish term parián is derived from Cebuano wikt:parian, from the root word pari-pari, meaning "to barter" or "to trade". It originally referred to a market on an estuary in Cebu City where goods from trading ships were unloaded and sold.The term parian is recorded in both Cebuano and Tagalog in early Spanish dictionaries, all with the meaning of "market or plaza where various things are sold or bought."
Current structures
The modern areas of Liwasang Bonifacio and Arroceros Forest Park in the Ermita district occupy the areas once known as Parián. Part of the land of the former Parián is now occupied by the Manila Metropolitan Theater.A map of Manila published in 1671 published by the Archivo General de Indias, the entire area to the northeast between the walls of Intramuros and the Pasig River encompassed Parián