Council of Ministers of East Germany


The Council of Ministers was the executive and administrative organ of the supreme organ of state power, the People's Chamber. It existed from November 1950 until the country was reunified on 3 October 1990. Originally formed as a body of 18 members, by 1989 the council consisted of 44 members.
Under the Constitution of East Germany, the Council of Ministers was formally defined as the government of East Germany. The same Constitution, however, officially confirmed the leading role of the Socialist Unity Party. Hence, for most of the GDR's existence, the Council of Ministers was not the highest authority in the country, but was charged with implementing the SED's policies into practical administration. In particular, ministers were subordinate to the secretary of the Central Committee responsible for their portfolio, and, at least unofficially, to the General Secretary.

Structure

The Council was led by a chairman ', who was usually called "prime minister" in non-German sources. There were two first deputy chairmen and nine other deputy chairmen. Together with some key ministers they formed the presidency ' of the Council. The Präsidium prepared all decisions in consultation with the responsible departments of the Central Committee ' of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and especially the Politbüro of the SED Central Committee. The Präsidium managed the day-to-day affairs of the Council between its weekly meetings, which took place regularly on Wednesdays to execute the resolutions of the Politbüro’s weekly meetings. The secretaries and department managers in the Central Committee were authorized to give instructions to the ministers as necessary.
Officially, the prime minister held the highest state post in the GDR. Despite this, no SED first secretary/general secretary ever simultaneously served as prime minister.
File:Berlin - Stadthaus 1.jpg|thumb|The Altes Stadthaus in Berlin, seat of the Ministerrat der DDR from 1961 until 1990
Until the Wende in the fall of 1989, the two first deputy chairmen were Werner Krolikowski and Alfred Neumann, who were both members of the SED Politbüro. Other deputy chairmen included the leaders of the four allied parties. Additional members included the chairman of the State Planning Commission, the president of the Staatsbank der DDR and some state secretaries, who were usually office directors at the Council. All members of the Council were selected by the GDR Volkskammer for a term of five years. Within the centralized state structure of the GDR, the city, county and district administrations were subordinated to the Council.
Willi Stoph and his entire cabinet resigned on 7 November 1989. Stoph was succeeded by Hans Modrow. The SED gave up its monopoly of power on 1 December. Modrow continued in office, leading a cabinet with both SED/PDS and non-communist members. For much of the winter of 1989 and 1990, he was the de facto leader of East Germany. Modrow was succeeded by Lothar de Maizière after what turned out to be the only free election ever held in East Germany, in March 1990. The de Maizière cabinet presided over the transition period to the reunification of the two Germanies in October 1990.
The former Prussian state parliament ' served as the seat of the Council from 1950 to 1953. From 1961 to 1990 the Council's offices were located in the former Old City Hall of Berlin at No. 47 Klosterstraße. The Law Gazette of the GDR was also published by the Council. In addition, the Council’s Press Office made official government announcements and was responsible for the accreditation of foreign journalists in the GDR.
The individual ministries had their own headquarters buildings in East Berlin, although the former Reich Air Ministry building on Leipziger Straße housed the industrially-oriented ministries.

Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

Office of the Minister-President

The Minister-President, from 1958 onward Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was supported by a dedicated agency. Initially, this was the Government Chancellery, which on November 26, 1954, was replaced by the Office of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers. In 1962, the Office's title was shortened to Office of the Council of Ministers. The Office always answered directly to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
Heads with the rank of State Secretary :
In early 1974, most of the responsibilities of the Office of the Council of Ministers were incorporated into a newly created Secretariat of the Council of Ministers, which was not subordinate to the then-Chairman Horst Sindermann, but rather to Günter Mittag, the First Deputy Chairman responsible for economic affairs. Mittag's control over most of the Council of Ministers' administrative affairs meant that his power eclipsed that of nominal Chairman Sindermann. The stripped-down Office of the Council of Ministers continued to exist for another year under its head, Rudolf Rost, alongside the Secretariat, after which it was abolished and its remaining duties were transferred to the Secretariat of the Council of Ministers.
Heads with the rank of State Secretary :
  • Kurt Kleinert
  • Harry Möbis
On April 13, 1990, the Office of the Minister-President was established as the legal successor to the Secretariat of the Council of Ministers. This office was modeled after the West German Federal Chancellery in preparation for German reunification.
Head:
The State Secretaries were Günther Krause, Lothar Moritz, Gottfried Klepel, Matthias Gehler, and Almuth Berger.

Ministries

New Ministries from 1989/1990

Ministries of the armed forces

Industry ministries

In addition to the departments that are usual in every government, the Council of Ministers was characterized by a large number of industry ministries that were set up from 1950 onwards. The State Planning Commission was a central organ of the Council of Ministers to coordinate the work of the individual industry ministries. 1958 the industrial ministries were dissolved and merged in 1961 in the newly founded People's Economic Council. The chairman of the VWR was Alfred Neumann. These organizational changes occurred in the course of the introduction of the New Economic System of Planning and Management. The VWR was abolished again in 1965 and individual industrial ministries were set up again. As before, these were subordinate to the State Planning Commission.
In 1972, the Ministry for the Glass and Ceramics Industry was formed from parts of the glass and fine ceramics industry of various other ministries. The next major change occurred in 1973, when the Ministry of Processing Machinery and Vehicle Construction was split into two ministries, the Ministry of General Machinery, Agricultural Machinery and Vehicle Construction and the Ministry of Tool and Processing Machine Construction.
In 1989, a far-reaching restructuring of the industry ministries took place: the ministries for Bezirk-managed industry and food industry and the glass and ceramics industry were dissolved, and the business areas were transferred to the Ministry of Light Industry on January 1, 1990. The ministries for mechanical and vehicle construction, tool and processing machine construction, heavy machinery and plant construction, and electrical engineering and electronics were transferred to a newly formed Ministry of Mechanical Engineering. Karl Grünheid, previously the long-standing minister for the glass and ceramics industry, became minister. A Ministry of Heavy Industry was also newly formed, which was made up of the ministries for geology, ore mining, metallurgy and potash, chemical industry, and coal and energy. The new minister was Kurt Singhuber, who had previously been the long-serving minister for ore mining, metallurgy and potash. The Ministry of Materials Management, however, was incorporated into the State Planning Commission.
In the de Maizière government the three remaining industrial ministries of light industry, heavy industry and mechanical engineering as well as the Economic Committee for the Implementation of Economic Reform, successor to the State Planning Commission, were incorporated into the Ministry of Economics, which had only been founded in 1989.

Commissions and offices equivalent to ministries

Other government offices of the Council of Ministers

In addition, independent state secretariats and central offices were directly subordinate to the Council of Ministers, including
In some cases, their heads acted as members of the Council of Ministers.