Yosef Eliyahu Henkin
Rabbi Yosef Eliyahu Henkin was a prominent Orthodox rabbi in the United States.
Biography
He was born in 1881 in Klimavichy, Belarus, then in the Russian Empire, and studied at the Slutzker Yeshiva under Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer. He received rabbinical ordination from Meltzer, and he was also ordained by Rabbis Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky, Boruch Ber Leibowitz and Yechiel Michel Epstein. According to Henkin's grandson, Henkin did not remember receiving ordination from Rabbi Epstein, and for his ordination from Rabbi Wilovsky he was not tested by Wilovsky himself, but by Wilovsky's son-in-law. After serving as rabbi in a number of Russian towns, he emigrated to America in 1922. In 1925 he became the director of Ezras Torah, which provided assistance to scholars. He served in that capacity until his death.Following his decisions, Ezras Torah published an annual calendar listing the synagogue and liturgical customs for each day, specifying the specific practice of that day.
He had two sons: Louis Henkin, a legal academician and writer, and Rabbi Hillel Henkin, an educator in Connecticut. His grandson was Rabbi Yehuda Herzl Henkin, an Orthodox rabbi in Israel. Many of Yosef Eliyahu Henkin's opinions are only known through the responsa of his grandson.
Henkin died on August 11, 1973 at his home in New York.
Positions on Jewish law
Henkin considered Reform marriage as a form of common law marriage requiring a Jewish divorce.He was opposed to the practice in yeshivas and synagogues of pausing in the middle of the Rosh Hashanah services for kiddush and refreshments before shofar-blowing.
If a Jewish storekeeper completed a form to sell his chametz to a non-Jew before Passover, yet he kept his store open, selling chametz on Passover and keeping the profits for himself, Henkin said that this proved the "Chametz sale" to be a fraud and therefore invalid.
Henkin said that where tuna have been caught it is permissible to check only a few of each batch and not each individual fish; Feinstein said that each fish needed to be checked for kosher markings that it was in fact a tuna, and not some other fish.
Manhattan eruv
In 1936, Henkin said that Rabbi Yehoshua Seigel's 1905 Manhattan eruv could no longer be relied on because he had only acquired permission for ten years. Henkin's main argument why the eruv could no longer be relied on was because of the construction of bridges that crossed Manhattan’s waterfront.On March 15, 1960, he signed on a Statement of the Vaad L’Maan Tikkun Eruvin B’Manhattan that stated the need for a Manhattan eruv.
On July 12, 1961, Henkin wrote a letter saying that there was a sound basis to establish an eruv in Manhattan. He wrote that, until the eruv received the written support of most of the rabbis of Manhattan, the permission for the eruv would only be for times of great need.