List of tsunamis

This article lists notable tsunamis, which are sorted by the date and location that they occurred.
Because of seismic and volcanic activity associated with tectonic plate boundaries along the Pacific Ring of Fire, tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean, but are a worldwide natural phenomenon. They are possible wherever large bodies of water are found, including inland lakes, where they can be caused by landslides and glacier calving. Very small tsunamis, non-destructive and undetectable without specialized equipment, occur frequently as a result of minor earthquakes and other events.
Around 1600 BC, the eruption of Thira devastated Aegean sites including Akrotiri . Some Minoan sites in eastern Crete may have been damaged by ensuing tsunamis.
The oldest recorded tsunami BC [Potidaea">Before Christ">BC [Potidaea earthquake|occurred in 479 BC]. It destroyed a Persian army that was attacking the town of Potidaea in Greece.
As early as 426 BC, the Greek historian Thucydides inquired in his book History of the Peloponnesian War about the causes of tsunamis. He argued that such events could only be explained as a consequence of ocean earthquakes, and could see no other possible causes.

Prehistoric

Year	Location	Main Article	Primary Cause	Description
≈3,260 Ma	South Africa	S2 impact	Impact event	An astronomical object between wide traveling at struck the Earth east of what is now Johannesburg, South Africa, near South Africa's border with Eswatini, in what was then an Archean ocean that covered most of the planet, creating a crater about wide. The impact generated a megatsunami that probably extended to a depth of thousands of metres beneath the surface of the ocean and rose to the height of a skyscraper when it reached shorelines.
≈66 Ma	Yucatán Peninsula	Chicxulub event	Impact event	An asteroid in diameter struck the Earth, generating a megatsunami with an initial wave height of which struck coastlines in the Gulf of Mexico with waves tall and reached heights of up to in the North Atlantic and South Pacific. The impact also triggered giant landslides and slumps which produced additional megatsunamis of various sizes in the region, and seismic waves from it caused seiches of in height in an inland sea at Tanis, away.
≈5.33 Ma	Algeciras, Spain	Zanclean Flood	Reservoir-induced seismicity	At the end of or shortly after the Zanclean Flood, which rapidly filled the Mediterranean Basin with water from the Atlantic Ocean, a megatsunami with a height of nearly struck the coast of Spain near what is now Algeciras.
≈1.4 Ma	Molokai, Hawaii	East [Molokai Volcano]	Landslide	One-third of the East Molokai volcano collapsed into the Pacific Ocean, generating a tsunami with an estimated local height of. The wave traveled as far as California and Mexico.
≈220,000–170,000 BC	Tenerife, Canary Islands	Mount Teide	Eruption and landslide	A destructive series of eruptions caused a large collapse of part of the northern flank of the island and the central pre-Teide volcanic structure, causing a megatsunami in two phases, leaving deposits high on the north-west of the island.
≈103,000 BC	Hawaii		Submarine landslide	A tsunami at least in height deposited marine sediments at a modern-day elevation of – above sea level at the time the wave struck – on Lanai. The tsunami also deposited such sediments at an elevation of on Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the island of Hawaii.
≈71,000 BC	Cape Verde Islands		Landslide	The eastern flank of the island of Fogo collapsed into the sea, generating a megatsunami. The wave struck Santiago, away, where it was at least tall and a had a run-up height of. The wave deposited giant boulders on Santiago at elevations of up to and as far as inland.
≈7,910–7,290 BC	Dor, Israel		Unknown	A megatsunami had a run-up of at least and traveled between inland from the ancient Eastern Mediterranean coast.
≈7000–6000 BC	Lisbon, Portugal		Unknown	A series of giant rocks and cobblestones have been found above mean sea level near Guincho Beach.
≈6370 BC	Eastern Mediterranean		Unknown	A landslide on the eastern slope of Mount Etna in Sicily reached the Mediterranean Sea and triggered a megatsunami in the Eastern Mediterranean with an initial wave height of along the eastern coast of Sicily, where it felled millions of trees. Models indicate it had heights of near Syracuse, Sicily; along the southern coast of Italy; along the southeastern coast of Sicily; at the northeastern tip of Sicily; at Malta; on the western coast of Greece; in southern Greece; along the coast of Libya; on the south coast of Crete; at Cyprus; and at the Neolithic village of Atlit Yam off the coast of Israel, prompting the village's permanent abandonment.
≈6225–6170 BC	Norwegian Sea	Storegga Slide	Landslide	The Storegga Slides, northwest of the coast of Møre in the Norwegian Sea, triggered a large tsunami in the North Atlantic Ocean. The collapse involved around of coastal shelf, and a total volume of of debris. Based on carbon dating of plant material in the sediment deposited by the tsunami, the latest incident occurred around 6225–6170 BC. In Scotland, traces of the tsunami have been found in sediments from Montrose Basin, the Firth of Forth, up to inland and above current normal tide levels.
≈5650 BC	Alluttoq Island, Greenland		Landslide	A large landslide into Sullorsuaq Strait generated a megatsunami which had a run-up height of.
≈5350 BC	Alluttoq Island, Greenland		Landslide	A large landslide into Sullorsuaq Strait generated a megatsunami which had a run-up height of.
5,500 BP	Northern Isles, Scotland	Garth tsunami	Unknown	The tsunami may have been responsible for contemporary mass burials.
≈1800 BC	Chile		Earthquake	A magnitude 9.5 earthquake generated tsunamis in height that struck of the coastline of the Atacama Desert. People fled the area and did not begin to return until around 800 BC; some pre-tsunami settlements were not reoccupied until between 1000 and 1500 AD.
≈1600 BC	Santorini, Greece	Minoan eruption	Volcanic eruption	The volcanic eruption in Santorini, Greece triggered tsunamis which caused damage to some Minoan sites in eastern Crete.
1171 BC	Baltic Sea		Unknown	A tsunami with wave heights of at least had run-up heights in Sweden of up to.
≈1100 BC	Lake Crescent, Washington, United States		Landslide	An earthquake generated the Sledgehammer Point Rockslide, which fell from Mount Storm King and entered waters at least deep, generating a megatsunami with an estimated maximum run-up height of.

Before 1000 AD

Year	Location	Main Article	Primary Cause	Description
479 BC	Potidaea, Greece	479 BC Potidaea earthquake		The oldest recorded tsunami in history. During the Persian siege of the maritime city of Potidaea, Greece, Herodotus reports how Persian attackers attempting to take advantage of an unusual retreat of the water were suddenly surprised by "a great tide, higher, as the locals say, than any one of many that had been before". Herodotus attributes the cause of the flash flood to Poseidon's wrath.
426 BC	Malian Gulf, Greece	426 BC [Malian Gulf tsunami]		In the summer of 426 BC, a tsunami struck the gulf between the northwestern tip of Euboea and Lamia. The Greek historian Thucydides described how the tsunami and a series of earthquakes affected the Peloponnesian War and, for the first time, associated earthquakes with waves in terms of cause and effect.
373 BC	Helike, Greece		Earthquake	An earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city of Helike, from the sea. The fate of the city, which remained permanently submerged, was often commented on by ancient writers and may have inspired contemporary Plato to create the myth of Atlantis.
60 BC	Portugal and Galicia		Earthquake	An earthquake of intensity IX and an estimated magnitude of 6.7 caused a tsunami on the coasts of Portugal and Galicia. Little else is known due to the paucity of records of Roman possession of the Iberian Peninsula.
79 AD	Gulf of Naples, Italy	Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD">Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD	Volcanic eruption	Pliny the Younger witnessed a smaller tsunami in the Bay of Naples during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on 24 October 79 AD.
115 AD	Caesarea, Israel	115 Antioch earthquake	Earthquake	Underwater geoarchaeological excavations on the shallow shelf – around depth – at Caesarea, Israel, documented a tsunami hitting the ancient port. Talmudic sources record a tsunami on 13 December 115 AD that affected Caesarea and Yavneh. The tsunami was likely triggered by an earthquake that destroyed Antioch, and was generated somewhere along the Cyprian Arch fault system.
262 AD	Southwest Anatolia	262 Southwest Anatolia earthquake	Earthquake	Many cities were inundated by the sea, with cities in Roman Asia reporting the worst tsunami damage. In many places fissures appeared in the earth and filled with water; in others, towns were inundated by the sea.
365 AD	Alexandria, Southern and Eastern Mediterranean	365 [Crete earthquake]	Earthquake	On the morning of 21 July 365 AD, an earthquake triggered a tsunami more than high, devastating Alexandria and the eastern and southern shores of the Mediterranean, killing thousands, and throwing ships nearly inland. This tsunami also devastated many large cities in what is now Libya and Tunisia. The anniversary of the disaster was still commemorated annually in the late sixth century in Alexandria as a "day of horror." Researchers at the University of Cambridge recently carbon dated corals off the coast of Crete that were raised and out of the water during the earthquake, indicating that the tsunami was generated by an earthquake on a pronounced fault in the Hellenic Trench. Scientists estimate that such an uplift is likely to only occur once every 5,000 years; however, the other segments of the fault could slip on a similar scale every 800 years or so.
551 AD	Lebanese coast	551 Beirut earthquake	Earthquake	The earthquake of 9 July 551 AD was one of the largest seismic events in and around Lebanon during the Byzantine period. The earthquake was associated with a tsunami along the Lebanese coast and a local landslide near Al-Batron. A large fire in Beirut also continued for almost two months.
563 AD	Lake Geneva, Switzerland and France	Tauredunum event	Underwater mudslide	Probably generated by a landslide that triggered a collapse of sediments at the mouth of the River Rhône, the tsunami traveled the length of Lake Geneva, reaching a height of in some places. The wave probably killed hundreds, or even thousands, of people.
684 AD	Nankai, Japan	684 Hakuhō earthquake, Nankai earthquake	Earthquake	The first recorded tsunami in Japan struck on 29 November 684 AD off the coast of the Kii, Shikoku, and Awaji region. The earthquake, estimated at a magnitude of 8.4, was followed by a large tsunami, but there are no estimates of the number of deaths. From then on, the Japanese would keep meticulous records of tsunamis.
701 AD	Tanba, Japan		Earthquake	On 12 May 701 AD, an earthquake and a tsunami measuring up to hit the coast of Tanba Province.
869 AD	Sanriku, Japan	869 Jōgan earthquake	Earthquake	The Sanriku region was hit by a large tsunami on 13 July 869 AD, causing floods to spread inland from the coast. Tagajō was destroyed, with an estimated 1,000 casualties.
887 AD	Nankai, Japan	887 Ninna Nankai earthquake	Earthquake	On 26 August 887 AD, there was a strong commotion in the Kyoto region, causing great destruction. A tsunami inundated the coastal region and some people died. The coast of Settsu Province suffered especially, and the tsunami was also observed on the coast of the Sea of Hyūga.

1000–1700 AD

Year	Location	Main Article	Primary Cause	Description
1026	Iwami, Japan	1026 Manju tsunami	Earthquake or landslide	On 16 June 1026, a tsunami struck the Sea of Japan coast of then Iwami Province, killing more than 1,000 people.
1033	Jordan Valley, Levant	1033 Jordan Valley earthquake	Earthquake	On 5 December 1033, a large earthquake struck along the Dead Sea Transform, causing extreme devastation. At least 70,000 killed. Several killed by a moderate tsunami.
1169	Sicily, Italy	1169 Sicily earthquake	Earthquake	On 4 February 1169, a tsunami affected most of the Ionian coast of Sicily.
1202	Eastern Mediterranean	1202 Syria earthquake	Earthquake	On 20 May 1202, a tsunami probably associated with this event was observed in eastern Cyprus and along the Syrian and Lebanese coasts.
1293	Kamakura, Japan	1293 Kamakura earthquake	Earthquake	On 27 May 1293, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake and tsunami hit Kamakura, then the de facto capital of Japan, killing 23,000 in the resulting fires.
1303	Eastern Mediterranean	1303 Crete earthquake	Earthquake	A team from Southern Cross University in Lismore, New South Wales, Australia, has found evidence of five tsunamis hitting Greece in the last 2000 years. "Most were small and local, but on August 8, 1303 a larger one hit Crete, Rhodes, Alexandria and Acre in Israel."
1343	Gulf of Naples, Italy	1343 Naples tsunami	Landslide	A 2019 study attributes the event to a massive submarine landslide caused by the collapse of the flank of the Stromboli volcano on 25 November 1343.
1361	Nankai, Japan	1361 [Shōhei earthquake]	Earthquake	On 3 August 1361, during the Shōhei era, an 8.4 earthquake struck Nankaidō, followed by a tsunami. A total of 660 deaths were reported. The earthquake struck Awa, Settsu, Kii, Yamato and Awaji Provinces provinces. A tsunami hit Awa and Tosa Provinces, in Kii Strait and in Osaka Bay. The hot spring of Yunomine, Kii stopped. The port of Yuki, Awa was destroyed and more than 1,700 houses were razed.
1420	Caldera, Chile	1420 Caldera earthquake	Earthquake	On 31 August 1420, a huge earthquake shook what is now the Atacama Region of Chile. Landslides occurred along the coast and tsunamis affected not only Chile but also Hawaii and Japan.
1454	Mutsu Province, Japan	1454 [Kyōtoku earthquake and tsunami]	Earthquake	On 23 November 1454, during the Kyōtoku era, an earthquake, possibly 8.4 or higher, shook the Kantō and Tōhoku regions at midnight, generating a tsunami that inundated of land, sweeping people away in Mutsu Province.
1498	Nankai, Japan	1498 [Meiō earthquake]	Earthquake	On 20 September 1498, during the Meiō era, a 7.5 earthquake occurred. The ports of Kii Province were damaged by a tsunami of several metres in height. Between 30,000 and 40,000 deaths were estimated. The building around the great Buddha of Kamakura was swept away by the tsunami.
1531	Lisbon, Portugal	1531 Lisbon earthquake	Earthquake	The earthquake of 26 January 1531 was accompanied by a tsunami in the Tagus River that destroyed ships in the port of Lisbon.
1541	Nueva Cadiz, Venezuela		Earthquake	In 1528, Cristóbal Guerra founded Nueva Cádiz on the island of Cubagua, the first Spanish settlement in Venezuela. Nueva Cádiz, with a population of 1,000 to 1,500, may have been destroyed by an earthquake followed by tsunami on 25 December 1541; it could also have been a major hurricane. The ruins were declared a National Monument of Venezuela in 1979.
1585	Aleutian Islands, Alaska	1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake	Earthquake	On 11 June 1585, a moderate tsunami struck the Japanese coast of Sanriku. At the same time, several native Hawaiians died after their settlements were hit by a tsunami-like event described in oral traditions. Evidence of a paleotsunami was also found in the Hawaiian Islands corresponding to a large tsunami in the 16th century. Modelling of a magnitude 9.25 earthquake in the Aleutian Islands matched descriptions and geological evidence in Japan and Hawaii.
1586	Honshu, Japan	1586 Tenshō earthquake	Earthquake	A magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck central Honshu on 18 January 1586. The earthquake triggered tsunami waves in Lake Biwa, Wakasa Bay and Ise Bay, destroying villages and drowning residents. Waves of up to were estimated. The events killed 8,000 people.
1605	Nankai, Japan	1605 [Keichō earthquake]	Earthquake	On 3 February 1605, in the Keichō era, an 8.1 magnitude earthquake and tsunami struck Japan. A tsunami with a known maximum height of was observed from the Bōsō Peninsula to the eastern part of Kyushu Island. The eastern part of the Bōsō Peninsula, Edo Bay, Sagami and Tōtōmi Provinces, and the southeastern coast of Tosa Province suffered particularly severely. 700 houses in Hiro, Kii were razed and 3,600 people drowned in Shishikui, Awa area. Wave heights reached in Kannoura, Tosa and in Sakihama, Tosa. 350 drowned in Kannoura and 60 at Sakihama. In total more than 5,000 drowned.
1608	Sendai Plains, Japan			On 23 November 1608, a major earthquake hit Sendai beach, generating a tsunami that swept away and killed over 50 people.
1611	Sanriku, Japan	1611 Sanriku earthquake	Earthquake	An 8.1 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off the Sanriku Coast on 2 December 1611 generated a tsunami that reached its maximum estimated height of about at Ōfunato, Japan. About 5,000 people were killed.
1674	Banda Sea, Indonesia	1674 Ambon earthquake and megatsunami	Earthquake	On 17 February 1674, an earthquake triggered a landslide that generated waves of up to along the coast of Ambon Island, killing more than 2,000.
1677	Bōsō Peninsula, Japan	1677 Bōsō earthquake	Earthquake	On 4 November 1677, a low-intensity earthquake was felt in the area around the Bōsō Peninsula, but was followed by a large tsunami, which killed an estimated 569 people.
1693	Sicily	1693 Sicily earthquake	Earthquake	A major earthquake on 9 January 1693 was followed on 11 January 1693 by the most powerful earthquake in Italian history. The ensuing tsunami devastated the Ionian Sea coast and the Strait of Messina. The wave struck about of the coast of Sicily, reaching a height of between at Augusta and penetrating inland at Mascali. It is unclear whether the tsunami was caused directly by the earthquake or by a large underwater landslide triggered by the event.

1700s

Year	Location	Main Article	Primary Cause	Description
1700	Pacific Northwest, U.S. and Canada	1700 Cascadia earthquake	Earthquake	On 26 January 1700, the Cascadia earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 9.0, ruptured the Cascadia subduction zone from Vancouver Island to California, and triggered a massive tsunami recorded in Japan and by the oral traditions of indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest. The wave caught the Japanese off guard, not knowing its origin, and was explained in the book, The Orphan Tsunami.
1703	Kanto, Japan	1703 Genroku earthquake	Earthquake	On 31 December 1703, an 8.2 magnitude earthquake struck Edo. A tsunami up to high was recorded along the coast of the Kantō Region. Official reports put the death toll of the earthquake disaster at 5,233 people, but some estimates put it as high as 200,000.
1707	Nankai, Japan	1707 [Hōei earthquake]	Earthquake	On 28 October 1707, during the Hōei era, an 8.4 magnitude earthquake and tsunami up to high hit Tosa Province. More than 29,000 houses were destroyed, causing around 30,000 deaths. In Tosa, 11,170 houses were razed to the ground, and 18,441 people drowned. Some 700 drowned and 603 houses were razed to the ground in Osaka. The hot springs of Yunomine, Kii, Sanji, Ryujin, Kii Kanayana and Dōgo, Iyo stopped flowing.
1731	Storfjorden, Norway	Storfjorden	Landslide	On 8 January 1731, a landslide in the Storfjorden off Stranda caused a tsunami up to high, killing 17 people.
1737	Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	Earthquake	On 17 October 1737, a 9.0-9.3 M_W earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off the southeastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula generated a tsunami. The tsunami reached a height of in Avacha Bay, and elsewhere on the peninsula's coast waves of and were reported and evidence of a run-up height of was found on one ridge. In the northern Kuril Islands, the wave was tall, while on Amchitka in the Aleutian Islands it reached.
1741	Western Oshima, Japan	1741 eruption of Oshima–Ōshima and the Kampo tsunami	Volcano	On 29 August 1741, the western side of the Oshima Peninsula, Ezo was hit by a tsunami caused by an eruption of the volcano on the island of Ōshima. The tsunami itself is believed to have been the result from a landslide of a partly underwater landslide triggered by the eruption. 1,467 people died in Ezo.
1743	Apulia, Italy	1743 Salento earthquake	Earthquake	On 20 February 1743, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Strait of Otranto triggered a tsunami up to high. Between 180 and 300 people died.
1755	Lisbon, Portugal	1755 Lisbon earthquake	Earthquake	Tens of thousands of Portuguese people who survived the Great Lisbon earthquake on 1 November 1755 were killed by a tsunami 40 minutes later. Many fled to the coast, an area safe from fires and debris during aftershocks. These people watched the sea recede, revealing a seabed littered with lost cargo and shipwrecks. The tsunami then struck with a maximum height of, traveling inland. The earthquake, tsunami, and fires killed 40,000 to 50,000 people. Historical records of early navigators such as Vasco da Gama were lost, and among the destroyed buildings were most of Portugal's examples of Manueline architecture. Eighteenth-century Europeans struggled to understand the disaster within religious and rational belief systems, and Enlightenment philosophers, notably Voltaire, wrote about the event. The philosophical concept of the sublime, as described by Immanuel Kant was inspired by attempts to understand the enormity of the Lisbon earthquake and tsunami. The tsunami took just over 4 hours to travel over to Cornwall in the United Kingdom. An account by Arnold Boscowitz claimed "great loss of life." It also struck Galway, Ireland, and caused heavy damage to the Spanish Arch section of the city wall.
1756	Langfjorden, Norway	Langfjorden	Landslide	On 22 February 1756, a landslide in Langfjorden generated three megatsunamis in Langfjorden and Eresfjorden with heights of. The waves killed 32 people and destroyed 168 buildings, 196 boats, large amounts of forest, roads and boat landings.
1761	Lisbon, Portugal	1761 Lisbon earthquake	Earthquake	More than five years after the 1755 earthquake, on 31 March 1761, another event with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 shook the Iberian Peninsula. It generated a tsunami up to at Lisbon. In Cornwall, the tsunami reached more than in height. The details of this earthquake are largely unknown, censored by the Portuguese government to prevent panic.
1762	Rahkine, Burma	1762 Arakan earthquake	Earthquake	On 2 April 1762, the west coast of Myanmar and Chittagong was hit by an earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.8, triggering a tsunami in the Bay of Bengal and killing more than 200 people.
1771	Yaeyama Islands, Ryūkyū	1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami	Earthquake	An underwater earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.4 occurred near the Yaeyama Islands in the former Ryūkyū Kingdom on 24 April 1771 at about 08:00. The earthquake is not believed to have directly caused any deaths, but the resulting tsunami killed an estimated 12,000 people. Advance estimates at Ishigaki Island range from. The tsunami was followed by malaria epidemics and crop failures. It took 148 years for the population to return to pre-tsunami levels.
1781	Pingtung, Taiwan			In April or May 1781, according to Taiwan County records, in Jiadong, Pingtung, a wave hit the city. Fish and shrimp rampaged wildly on the shore and nearby fishing villages were wiped out. However, no earthquake was reported. A different source claims that a wave also hit Tainan. One possibility is a misrecording of the date, corresponding to the Great Yaeyama event mentioned above.
1783	Calabria, Italy	1783 Calabrian earthquakes	Earthquake	The earthquake was the second of a sequence of five shocks that shook Calabria between 5 February and 28 March 1783. The citizens of Scilla spent the night after the first earthquake on the beach, where they were washed away by the tsunami, causing 1,500 deaths. The tsunami was caused by the collapse of Monte Paci into the sea, near the city. Estimated deaths from earthquake and tsunami are 32,000 to 50,000.
1792	Kyūshū, Japan	1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami	Volcanic processes	Tsunamis were the main cause of death in the worst volcanic disaster in Japanese history, an eruption of Mount Unzen, Hizen Province, Kyushu, Japan. Towards the end of 1791, a series of earthquakes on the western flank of Mount Unzen moved towards Fugen-dake, one of the peaks of Mount Unzen. In February 1792, Fugen-dake erupted, starting two months of lava flows. The earthquakes continued, approaching the city of Shimabara. On the night of 21 May 1792, two major earthquakes preceded the collapse of the eastern flank of Mount Unzen's Mayuyama dome. An avalanche swept across Shimabara and Ariake Bay, causing a tsunami. The tsunami hit Higo Province along Ariake Bay before recovering. Of the estimated 15,000 deaths, around 5,000 are believed to have died from the landslide, around 5,000 from the tsunami in Higo Province, and around 5,000 from the tsunami that returned to Shimabara. The waves reached a height of, making it a small megatsunami.
1793	Sanriku, Japan		Earthquake	On 7 January 1793, a major earthquake struck around 12:00 at the southern coast of Sanriku. It swept away 72 houses and killed 11 people in Otsuchi.
1797	Sumatra, Indonesia	1797 Sumatra earthquake	Earthquake	On 10 February 1797, a massive earthquake estimated to be approximately 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale struck Sumatra in Indonesia. Many deaths occurred, although it is not known how many.

1800s

1900–1950

1950–2000

Year	Location	Main Article	Primary Cause	Description
1952	Hokkaido, Japan	1952 Tokachi earthquake	Earthquake	On 4 March 1952 a magnitude 8.1 earthquake off the southeast coast of Hokkaido generated a tsunami that reached it greatest height of in Akkeshi Bay. A wave struck Hachinohe. The earthquake and tsunami combined killed 28 people, injured 287, and left five missing. Property damage included 815 houses completely destroyed, 1,324 half-damaged, and 6,395 partially damaged, with 20 lost to fire and 1,621 rendered uninhabitable. The tsunami swept away 91 houses, flooded 328 others, and damaged 451 ships and boats. In Hamanaka. where it destroyed numerous homes, the tsunami apparently pushed drift ice ashore, exacerbating the damage.
1952	Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, United States		Landslide	A landslide below the Kettle Falls Bridge in April 1952 generated a tsunami which reached a maximum height of along the opposite shore of the lake. The wave was observed on the lake as far as away.
1952	Severo-Kurilsk, Kuril Islands, USSR	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	Earthquake	On 5 November 1952, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula triggered a tsunami. Three waves with heights of killed 2,336 people at Severo-Kurilsk on the Kuril Islands in the Soviet Union. The tsunami also caused property damage in Hawaii.
1952	Sullorsuaq Strait, Greenland		Landslide	On 15 December 1952, a landslide that began at an elevation of on a slope of the mountain Niiortuut on the southern coast of western Greenland′s Nuussuaq Peninsula deposited between of material in Sullorsuaq Strait, generating a tsunami. With a run-up height of, it struck a group of four fishermen away on the southern coast of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, killing one. Then it struck the town of Qullissat away across the strait on Disko Island, where it had a run-up height of.
1953	Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, United States		Landslides	A series of landslides about upstream from Grand Coulee Dam in February 1953 generated a series of tsunamis with a maximum run-up height of along the opposite shore of the lake. Waves crossed the wide lake in an average of 90 seconds, indicating an average speed of almost.
1953	Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, United States		Landslides	A series of landslides at Reed Terrace between April and August 1953 generated tsunamis at least 11 times. The largest of them reached a maximum height of along the opposite shore of the lake and was observed as far as away. One of the waves reached a speed of.
1956	Amorgos, Greece	1956 Amorgos earthquake	Earthquake	On 9 July 1956, 53 deaths occurred during the largest earthquake of the 20th century in Greece. Santorini was damaged, and a localized tsunami affected the Cyclades and Dodecanese island groups. A maximum run-up of was observed off the south coast of Amorgos.
1957	Andreanof Islands, United States	1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake	Earthquake	On 9 March 1957 an 8.6 earthquake struck the Andreanof Islands, triggering a tsunami. The wave was highest on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands, where it was as high as, and where a run-up height of was observed at Scotch Cap Light, Trappers Cove recorded a wave height of, and an wave hit Sand Bay. In Hawaii, the wave was tall at Hāʻena, [Kauai County, Hawaii\|Haena], Kauai, along the north coast of Oahu, at Kahului, Maui, and up to along the coast of the island of Hawaii, including at Hilo. The highest wave to strike Chile was at Valparaíso. Smaller waves were observed on the coasts of mainland Alaska, California, Mexico, Central America, Peru, American Samoa, the Marshall Islands, Chuuk, and Guam.
1958	Lituya Bay, Alaska, U.S.	1958 Lituya Bay, Alaska earthquake and megatsunami	Earthquake-triggered landslide	On the night of 9 July 1958, an earthquake on the Fairweather Fault in Alaska loosened about 40 million cubic yards of rock above the northeast shore of Lituya Bay. The impact in the waters of Gilbert Inlet generated a local tsunami that crashed against the southwest coast and swept the spur separating Gilbert Inlet from the main Lituya Bay. The wave continued through Lituya Bay, over La Chaussee Spit and into the Gulf of Alaska. The force of the wave removed all trees and vegetation from a height of above sea level. This is the highest wave ever recorded. The scale of this wave was much larger than ordinary tsunamis, eventually leading to the new category of megatsunamis.
1958	Kuril Islands, Soviet Union	1958 Kuril Islands earthquake	Earthquake-triggered landslide	A magnitude 8.3 to 8.4 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off Iturup in the Kuril Islands on 6 November 1958 generated a tsunami with a height of up to at Shikotan, at Iturup, and up to in northern Hokkaido, Japan. The wave also was noted at Wake Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii, Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, the Marshall Islands, American Samoa, California, and Peru. An aftershock on 12 November produced a tsunami at Iturup, with wave action also noted at Hachinohe, Japan, and on Adak Island in the Aleutians.
1960	Valdivia, Chile, and Pacific Ocean	1960 Valdivia earthquake or Great Chilean earthquake	Earthquake	The magnitude 9.5 earthquake of 22 May 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded, generated one of the most destructive tsunamis of the 20th century. The tsunami spread across the Pacific Ocean, with waves measuring up to high in places. The first tsunami wave hit Hilo, Hawaii, approximately 15 hours after its origin. The highest wave at Hilo Bay was measured at around. 61 people died, allegedly due to people not heeding the warning sirens. Nearly 22 hours after the earthquake, waves up to above high tide hit the coast of Sanriku in Japan, killing 142 people. Up to 6,000 people died in total worldwide from the earthquake and tsunami.
1963	Vajont Dam, Monte Toc, Italy	Vajont Dam	Landslide	File:La diga del Vajont vista da Longarone 18-8-2005.jpg\|thumb\|The Vajont Dam as seen from Longarone on 25 September 2012, showing the top. The 200–250-metre megatsunami would have obscured virtually all of the sky in this picture. The Vajont Dam was completed in 1961 under Monte Toc, north of Venice, Italy. At, it was one of the tallest dams in the world. On 9 October 1963 a landslide of some of forest, dirt, and rock fell into the reservoir at speeds of up to. The resulting water displacement caused of water to overflow the dam in a megatsunami wave high. The resulting flood destroyed the villages of Longarone, Pirago, Rivalta, Villanova, and Faè, killing 1,450 people. Almost 2,000 people perished in total.
1963	Urup,		Earthquake	A magnitude 8.5 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off Urup on 13 October 1963 generated a tsunami in the Pacific Ocean and Sea of Okhotsk with run-up heights of as much as
1964	Alaska, U.S. and Pacific Ocean	1964 Alaska earthquake	Earthquake	After the magnitude 9.2 Good Friday earthquake of 27 March 1964, tsunamis hit Alaska, British Columbia, California, and coastal cities in the Pacific Northwest, killing 121 people. Waves reached high and killed 11 people as far away as Crescent City, California.
1964	Niigata, Japan	1964 Niigata earthquake	Earthquake	On 16 June 1964, 28 people died, and entire apartment buildings were destroyed by soil liquefaction. The subsequent tsunami destroyed the port of Niigata.
1965	Shemya Island, Alaska	1965 Rat Islands earthquake	Earthquake	The Rat Islands earthquake of 3 February 1965, generated a tsunami on Shemya Island.
1968	Aomori and Hokkaido, Japan	1968 Tokachi earthquake	Earthquake	On 16 May 1968, an 8.3 earthquake occurred off Aomori and Hokkaido Prefecture. A tsunami as high as 6 m hit the shores.
1969	Portugal, Morocco	1969 Portugal earthquake	Earthquake	On 28 February 1969, a large underwater earthquake off the coast of Portugal generated a tsunami that affected both Portugal and Morocco.
1975	Hawaii, United States	1975 Hawaii earthquake	Earthquake	On 29 November 1975 a 7.4 earthquake affected Hawaii, triggering a tsunami and a small brief eruption of the Kilauea volcano.
1976	Moro Gulf, Mindanao, Philippines	1976 Moro Gulf earthquake	Earthquake	On 17 August 1976 at 00:11, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake struck the island of Mindanao, Philippines. The resulting tsunami devastated more than of coastline bordering the Gulf of Moro in the North Celebes Sea. Estimated casualties included 5,000 dead, 2,200 missing, 9,500 injured, and 93,500 homeless. Affected cities include Cotabato, Pagadian, and Zamboanga, and the provinces of Basilan, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, and Zamboanga del Sur.
1977	Sumba	1977 Sumba earthquake	Earthquake	A tsunami was generated with observed run-up heights of up to 5.8 meters and inundation distances of up to 1,200 metres at several locations on Sumba and Sumbawa. The maximum tsunami height recorded was 15 meters above high tide.The combined number of victims from both the earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia was at least 107 confirmed dead and several dozen others missing, presumed dead
1979	Tumaco, Colombia	1979 Tumaco earthquake	Earthquake	An 8.1 magnitude earthquake occurred on 12 December 1979 at 02:59 along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador. The earthquake and resulting tsunami destroyed at least six fishing villages and killed hundreds of people in the Colombian Department of Nariño. The earthquake was felt in Bogotá, Cali, Popayán, Buenaventura, Guayaquil, Esmeraldas, and Quito. The tsunami caused great destruction in the city of Tumaco, as well as in the towns of El Charco, San Juan, Mosquera, and Salahonda on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Casualties included 259 dead, 798 injured and 95 missing or presumed dead.
1979	Nice	1979 Nice tsunami	Landslide	Two tsunamis struck the coast of France near Nice, accompanied by a landslide at the Nice Airport, and an aseismic submarine landslide. The two waves struck the coast between the Italian border and the town of Antibes to the west.They reached a height of near Nice and at La Salis and decreased in amplitude from there.
1980	Spirit Lake, Washington, U.S.	Spirit Lake , 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Mount St. Helens	Volcanic eruption	On 18 May 1980, in the course of a major eruption of Mount St. Helens, the upper of the mountain failed, causing a major landslide. One lobe of the landslide slid into nearby Spirit Lake, creating a megatsunami high.
1983	Sea of Japan	1983 Sea of Japan earthquake	Earthquake	On 26 May 1983 at 11:59 local time, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurred in the Sea of Japan, about west of the Noshiro coast in Akita Prefecture. Of the 107 fatalities, all but four were killed by the resulting tsunami, which hit communities along the coast, especially Aomori and Akita Prefectures and the Noto Peninsula. Footage of the tsunami hitting the fishing port of Wajima on Noto Peninsula was broadcast on TV. The waves exceeded in some areas. Three of the deaths occurred along the east coast of South Korea. The tsunami also hit Okushiri Island.
1992	Nicaragua	1992 Nicaragua earthquake	Earthquake	On 1 September 1992 a 7.2 earthquake struck off the coast of Nicaragua and sent a devastating tsunami to the coast of the department of Rivas, killing an estimated 116 people. The magnitude of the wave, high, was unusually large given the magnitude of the earthquake.
1992	Indonesia	1992 [Flores earthquake and tsunami]	Earthquake	A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Flores, Indonesia, on 12 December 1992. The earthquake produced a devastating high tsunami that hit the island and ran inland up to shortly after the earthquake. About 2,500 people were killed or missing, including 1,490 at Maumere and 700 in Babi. More than 500 people were injured and 90,000 left homeless. Damage was assessed at more than 100 million US dollars.
1993	Okushiri, Hokkaido, Japan	1993 Hokkaido earthquake	Earthquake	A devastating tsunami wave hit Hokkaido in Japan as a result of a magnitude 7.8 offshore on 12 July 1993. Within minutes, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a tsunami warning that was broadcast on NHK in English and Japanese. However, on Okushiri, a small island near the epicenter, some waves reaching hit two to five minutes after the earthquake. Despite being surrounded by tsunami barriers, Aonae, a town on a low-lying peninsula, was hit over the next hour by 13 waves over high that came from multiple directions, including waves that bounced off Hokkaido. Of the 250 people killed as a result of the earthquake, 197 were victims of the tsunami that hit Okushiri; the waves also caused deaths in Hokkaido. While many residents, recalling the May 1983 tsunami, survived by evacuating on foot, many others underestimated how soon the waves would arrive and died trying to evacuate by car. The highest tsunami wave was high.
1994	Java	1994 Java earthquake	Earthquake	250 dead as a magnitude 7.8 earthquake and tsunami hit east Java and Bali on 3 June 1994.
1994	Shikotan,		Earthquake	A magnitude 8.3 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off Shikotan on 4 October 1994 generated a tsunami with a run-up height of as much as on Shikotan.
1998	Papua New Guinea	1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake	Earthquake	On 17 July 1998, a tsunami in Papua New Guinea killed an estimated 2,200 people. An earthquake of magnitude 7.1, from the coast was followed in 11 minutes by a tsunami about high. The tsunami was generated by an underwater landslide, which was triggered by the earthquake. The towns of Arop and Warapu were destroyed.
1999	Sea of Marmara	1999 İzmit earthquake	Earthquake	On 17 August 1999 an earthquake caused a tsunami in the Sea of Marmara, with a maximum water height of 2.52 m. 150 people died when the city of Degirmendere was flooded and another five were washed into the sea in Ulaşlı.

2000–2010

Year	Location	Main Article	Primary Cause	Description
2000	Paatuut, Greenland		Landslide	On 21 November 2000, a landslide with a mass of 260,000,000 tons fell from an elevation of at Paatuut on the Nuussuaq Peninsula on the west coast of Greenland, reaching a speed of. About of material with a mass of 87,000,000 tons entered Sullorsuaq Strait, generating a megatsunami. The wave had a run-up height of near the landslide and at Qullissat, the site of an abandoned settlement across the strait on Disko Island, away, where it inundated the coast as far as inland. Refracted energy from the tsunami created a wave with a run-up height of that destroyed boats at the closest populated village, Saqqaq, on the southwestern coast of the Nuussuaq Peninsula from the landslide.
2002	Tyrrhenian Sea	2002 [Stromboli tsunami]	Landslide	In May 2002, the volcanic island of Stromboli entered a new phase of explosive activity that was initially characterized by gas and ash emission from the summit craters. On 30 December 2002, a seismic network recorded two large collapses of a huge portion of the Sciara del Fuoco, which resulted in tsunamis.
2002	Bird's Head Peninsula, Indonesia	West Papua earthquake">West Papua (province)">West Papua earthquake	Earthquake	A magnitude 7.6 earthquake off the eastern coast of West Papua triggered a tsunami which struck the towns of Ransiki and Oranbaru at a height of, with a surge damaging dozens of homes in Manokwari and other areas surrounding the Doreri Bay.
2003	Hokkaido, Japan	2003 Tokachi earthquake	Earthquake	A magnitude 8.3 earthquake in the Pacific Ocean off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido on 26 September 2003 created a tsunami that struck Hokkaido with a height of up to.
2004	Indian Ocean	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	Earthquake	The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake triggered a series of tsunamis on 26 December 2004 that devastated coastlines surrounding the Indian Ocean, killing an estimated 227,898 people, making it the deadliest tsunami and one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. The earthquake was the second largest earthquake in recorded history. The initial surge was measured at a height of approximately, making it one of the largest earthquake-generated tsunamis in recorded history. The tsunami killed people from the immediate vicinity of the earthquake in Indonesia, Thailand, and the northwest coast of Malaysia, to thousands of miles away in Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and as far afield as Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania. This tsunami that crossed the Indian Ocean is an example of a teletsunami, which travels great distances across the open ocean, and an ocean-wide tsunami. It became known as the "Boxing Day Tsunami" because it hit on Boxing Day. Unlike the Pacific Ocean, there was no organized warning service covering the Indian Ocean. This was due in part to the absence of major tsunamis since August 1883. In light of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, UNESCO and other world bodies called for an international tsunami monitoring system.
2006	South of Java Island	2006 [Pangandaran earthquake and tsunami]	Earthquake	A magnitude 7.7 earthquake shook the seabed of the Indian Ocean on 17 July 2006, south of Pangandaran, a beach famous among surfers for its perfect waves. This earthquake triggered tsunamis with heights ranging from at Cilacap to at Cimerak beach, where it flattened and leveled buildings up to from the coastline. More than 800 people were reported missing or dead.
2006	Kuril Islands	2006 Kuril Islands earthquake	Earthquake	On 15 November 2006, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurred off the coast near the Kuril Islands. A relatively large tsunami was generated, with waves reaching. This tsunami was also observed in Japan and at distant locations throughout the Pacific. In Crescent City, California, a high tsunami caused an estimated $10 million USD in damages.
2007	Solomon Islands	2007 Solomon Islands earthquake	Earthquake	On 2 April 2007, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake struck about south of Ghizo Island in the western Solomon Islands at 07:39, triggering a tsunami of up to tall. The wave, which hit the coast of the Solomon Islands, triggered tsunami watches and warnings that spread from Japan to New Zealand, Hawaii and eastern Australia. The tsunami killed 52 people and dozens were injured as the waves inundated cities. A state of national emergency was declared for the Solomon Islands. On Choiseul Island, a high wall of water was reported to have swept nearly inland. The largest waves hit the northern tip of Simbo Island, where two villages, Tapurai and Riquru, were completely destroyed by a wave, killing 10 people. Authorities estimated that the tsunami displaced more than 5,000 residents throughout the archipelago.
2007	Chile	2007 [Aysén Fjord earthquake]	Earthquake and landslide	On 21 April 2007, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred in the Aysén Fjord. In the mountains around the fjord, the earthquake triggered landslides that in turn created waves up to high, severely damaging some salmon aquaculture facilities. The drinking water systems of the cities of Puerto Chacabuco and Puerto Aisén were broken, forcing firefighters and the army to supply water. The electricity network of Puerto Chacabuco was also cut. Ten people were reported dead or missing.
2007	British Columbia		Landslide	On 4 December 2007, a landslide entered Chehalis Lake in British Columbia, generating a large tsunami in the lake that destroyed camps and vegetation many metres above the shoreline. The wave had a run-up height of on the lake's opposite shore, away from the slide, and was tall at the lake's exit point, away to the south.The wave then continued down the Chehalis River for about.
2009	Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, United States		Landslide	A section of the shoreline about in area adjacent to the mouth of the Spokane River collapsed into the lake on January 16, 2009, generating a tsunami which reached a maximum height of along the opposite shore away.
2009	Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, Washington, United States		Landslide	A section of a hillside collapsed into the lake on August 25, 2009, generating a tsunami with an initial wave height of which reached the opposite shore less than away with a height of. It struck a campground there and washed a number of people into the lake, but all survived.
2009	Samoa	2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami	Earthquake	An undersea earthquake occurred in the Samoan Islands region at 06:48 local time on 29 September 2009. This magnitude 8.1 earthquake in the outer elevation of the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone was the largest earthquake of 2009. The subsequent tsunami caused substantial damage and loss of life in Samoa, American Samoa, and Tonga. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center recorded a rise in sea level near the epicenter, and New Zealand scientists noted waves up to off the coast of Samoa. More than 189 people, especially children, were killed, most of them in Samoa. Large waves without major damage were reported in Fiji, the north coast of New Zealand and Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. People from the low-lying atolls of Tokelau moved to higher ground as a precautionary measure.
2010	Chile	2010 Chile earthquake	Earthquake	On 27 February 2010, an 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Chile triggered a tsunami that caused severe damage and loss of life, also causing minor effects in other Pacific nations.
2010	Sumatra	2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami	Earthquake	On 25 October 2010, a 7.7 earthquake struck near the island of South Pagai in Indonesia, triggering a localized tsunami that killed at least 408 people.

2011–2020

2021–present

Highest or tallest

The tsunami with the highest run-up was the 1958 Lituya Bay megatsunami, which had a record height of.
The only other recent megatsunamis are the 1963 Vajont Dam megatsunami, which had an initial height of, the 1980 Spirit Lake megatsunami, which measured tall, the 2015 megatsunami in Taan Fiord, a finger of Icy Bay in Alaska, which had an estimated initial height of and a run-up of, and the 2025 megatsunami in Tracy Arm, with an estimated run-up of.
A tsunami caused by a landslide during the 1964 Alaska earthquake reached a height of, making it one of the largest tsunamis in recorded history.
Deadliest

The deadliest tsunami in recorded history was the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed almost 230,000 people in fourteen countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Somalia, Myanmar, Maldives, Malaysia, Tanzania, Seychelles, Bangladesh, South Africa, Yemen and Kenya. There were also many injuries and extensive property damage.