Fernando Valenzuela
Fernando Valenzuela Anguamea, nicknamed "El Toro", was a Mexican professional baseball pitcher. Valenzuela played 17 Major League Baseball seasons, from 1980 to 1997. He played for six MLB teams, most prominently with the Los Angeles Dodgers, who signed him in 1979 and gave him his MLB debut in 1980. Valenzuela batted and threw left-handed, with an unorthodox windup. He was one of a small number of pitchers who regularly threw a screwball in the modern era.
Valenzuela enjoyed his breakout year in 1981, when "Fernandomania" rapidly catapulted him from relative obscurity to stardom. He won his first eight starts, five of them shutouts, and finished with a win–loss record of 13–7 and had a 2.48 earned run average in a season that was shortened by a player's strike. He became the first, and as of 2024, only player to win both the Cy Young and Rookie of the Year awards in the same season. The Dodgers won the World Series that year.
Valenzuela peaked from 1981 to 1986, when he was named a National League All-Star in each season. He won an NL-leading 21 games in 1986, when he was a runner-up to Mike Scott of the Houston Astros for the Cy Young Award. Valenzuela was also one of the better hitting pitchers of his era. He had ten career home runs and was occasionally used by Los Angeles Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda as a pinch-hitter. In 1986, he signed the then-largest contract for a pitcher in baseball history. However, nagging shoulder problems diminished the remainder of his Dodgers career. He was on the Dodgers' 1988 World Series championship team, but sat out the postseason with a shoulder injury. Valenzuela threw a no-hitter in 1990 before the Dodgers released him prior to the 1991 season. He spent the rest of his major league career with the California Angels, Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Phillies, San Diego Padres, and St. Louis Cardinals, before pitching a couple of seasons in Mexico in his 40s.
Valenzuela returned to the Dodgers organization after retiring, serving as a broadcaster from 2003 to 2024, the year of his death. The Dodgers retired his No. 34 in 2023. His career highlights include a record of 173–153, with an ERA of 3.54. His 41.5 career wins above replacement is the highest of any Mexican-born MLB player.
Early life
Valenzuela was born on November 1, 1960, in Etchohuaquila, a small town within the municipality of Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico. He was the youngest of 12 children. His parents, Avelino and María, were poor farmers who worked the land with the help of their children and were of Mayo indigenous ancestry. Although Valenzuela is not an indigenous surname, many Mayo and Yaqui indigenous families adopted it during the Porfiriato dictatorship to avoid forcible removal from their lands, similar to the case of Ritchie Valens.Playing career
Early career in Mexico
In 1977, Valenzuela began his professional baseball career, signing with the Mayos de Navojoa of the Mexican Pacific League. A year later, he was sent to the Guanajuato Tuzos of the Mexican Central League, posting a 5–6 win–loss record with a 2.23 earned run average. The following year, the Mexican Central League was absorbed into the expanded Mexican League, automatically elevating then 18-year-old Valenzuela to the Triple-A level. Pitching for the Leones de Yucatán that year, Valenzuela went 10–12 with a 2.49 ERA and 141 strikeouts.A number of Major League Baseball teams scouted Valenzuela during this time. Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley, conscious of the large Latino population in Los Angeles, had wanted a Mexican ace pitcher for some time. Even so, the Dodgers found Valenzuela by accident. They sent scout Mike Brito to a game in Mexico to evaluate a shortstop named Ali Uscanga. Valenzuela threw three balls to Uscanga to fall behind in the count and then threw three straight strikes for the strikeout. Brito said later that at that point, he "forgot all about the shortstop". The Dodgers bought out Valenzuela's Liga contract on July 6, 1979, for $120,000, of which $20,000 went to Valenzuela and $100,000 went to the team. The New York Yankees subsequently offered $150,000, but the Leones honored their original deal, and Valenzuela became a Dodger.
Move to the Los Angeles Dodgers organization
After acquiring Valenzuela in the summer of 1979, the Dodgers assigned him to the Lodi Dodgers of the High-A California League, where he posted a 1–2 record and a 1.13 earned run average in limited action. Brito worried that Valenzuela did not throw with enough velocity and felt that he needed to develop an off-speed pitch, so the Dodgers had their pitcher Bobby Castillo teach him to throw the screwball before the 1980 season. In 1980 Valenzuela was promoted to the Double-A San Antonio Dodgers, where he led the Texas League with 162 strikeouts and finished the season with a 13–9 win-loss record and a 3.10 ERA.Valenzuela was called up to the major leagues in September 1980, serving as a reliever in the last month of the season. In his first game on September 15 against Atlanta, his catcher was Mike Scioscia, who spoke some Spanish; Valenzuela spoke little English. Valenzuela's excellent performances as a reliever helped the Dodgers tie the Houston Astros for the NL West division lead. He earned two wins and a save. However, the Dodgers then lost a one-game tiebreaker—and thus, the division championship—to the Astros.
"Fernandomania"
Following his successful stint as a reliever in 1980, Valenzuela transitioned to a full-time starter role in his 1981 rookie season. He was unexpectedly named the Dodgers' Opening Day starter as a rookie after Jerry Reuss was injured 24 hours before his scheduled start, and Burt Hooton was not ready to fill in. At first, Valenzuela did not think manager Tommy Lasorda was serious. However, he filled in and shut out the Houston Astros 2–0. He was the first rookie to start Opening Day for the Dodgers.Valenzuela enjoyed one of the hottest starts to a career in MLB history. He began the season 8–0 with seven complete games, five shutouts and an ERA of 0.50. In addition to his dominance on the mound, Valenzuela's unusual and flamboyant pitching motion—including a glance skyward at the apex of each wind-up—drew attention of its own. His most prominent and effective pitch was the screwball, which had not been a popular pitch for decades.
An instant media icon, Valenzuela drew large crowds from Los Angeles' Latino community every time he pitched, and his rookie 1981 Topps and Fleer baseball cards were in high demand. The craze surrounding Valenzuela came to be known as "Fernandomania". The Dodgers' Spanish radio broadcast ratings on KTNQ jumped from 3.4 to 8.6. His starts drew large crowds in every city. During his warm-up routine at Dodger Stadium, the PA system would play ABBA's 1976 hit song "Fernando". He became the first player to win the Rookie of the Year Award and the Cy Young Award in the same season, and finished fifth in NL MVP voting. He was also the first rookie to lead the NL in strikeouts. The Dodgers won the World Series that season.
File:President Ronald Reagan shaking hands with Fernando Valenzuela and Antonio DeMarco with Leonore Annenberg in the background.jpg|thumb|right|upright|In 1981, President Ronald Reagan invited Valenzuela to the White House for a state luncheon with Mexican president José López Portillo.
Valenzuela was less dominant after the 1981 player strike wiped out the middle third of the season, but the left-hander still finished with a 13–7 record and a 2.48 ERA. He led the majors in shutouts and strikeouts, and led the NL in complete games and innings pitched. He was also second in the NL in wins. He demonstrated his unusually good batting by batting.250 and striking out just nine times in 64 at-bats. He became the first Dodgers pitcher to win the NL Silver Slugger Award.
In the NL West Division Series against the Houston Astros, Valenzuela became the youngest pitcher to start the first game of any postseason series. He also threw a 147-pitch complete game in a game 3 win over the New York Yankees in the World Series. In total, he went 3–1 in the postseason with a 2.21 ERA in innings, and he helped the Dodgers win their first World Series since 1965.
Valenzuela achieved this success knowing little English at the time. Scioscia gave some of the credit to Lasorda, who had learned Spanish during his time in the Caribbean winter leagues, and "gave him all instructions in Spanish." Scioscia also "learned Spanish just so he could communicate with Fernando", according to Lasorda. In 1981, the manager strictly platooned Scioscia and Steve Yeager at catcher, with Yeager seeing limited playing time with the Dodgers facing only 14 left-handers during the season. In game 3 of the World Series, Valenzuela was struggling when Lasorda substituted Scioscia, with whom the pitcher was more familiar, in place of Yeager, after Yankees left-hander Dave Righetti had exited the game. Lasorda credited Scioscia with steadying Valenzuela.
"El Toro"
Following his debut, Valenzuela, nicknamed El Toro by fans, settled down and established himself as a workhorse starter and one of the league's best pitchers. From 1981 to 1986, Valenzuela was named an All-Star six straight times and recorded an ERA of 3.14 or below in five of these years. He also recorded top-five Cy Young Award finishes in 1981, 1982, 1985, and 1986.Valenzuela repeatedly commanded record-setting salaries. Prior to the 1983 season, Valenzuela became the first player to be awarded a $1,000,000 salary in arbitration, with his drawing power cited as part of the pitch. Before the 1986 season, he signed a contract worth $5.5 million over three years, then the wealthiest contract for a pitcher in baseball history. His annual average salary of $1,833,333 and 1988 salary of $2.05 million also both set records for a pitcher.
In 1986, Valenzuela finished 21–11 with a 3.14 ERA and led the league in wins, complete games and innings pitched. He lost a narrow vote for the 1986 NL Cy Young Award to the Astros' Mike Scott. He also won the Gold Glove. In the 1986 All-Star Game, Valenzuela made history by striking out five consecutive American League batters, tying a record set by fellow left-handed screwballer Carl Hubbell in the 1934 contest.
Valenzuela's performance declined in 1987 with a 14–14 win–loss record and 3.98 ERA. In 1988, a year in which the Dodgers won the World Series, he was placed on the disabled list for the first time in his career due to left shoulder problems. He had pitched 255 games without missing a start. Valenzuela was out for two months, before making a cameo appearance with a three-inning start and a four-inning relief stint. He finished the season 5–8 with a 4.24 ERA, before being left off the playoff roster and getting needed rest. Although the Dodgers awarded him a second World Series ring, he refused to wear it, explaining that "I didn't do anything."
He improved slightly in 1989 and went 10–13. However, commentators noted "an obvious loss of velocity" following his 1988 shoulder injury. In the off-season, he signed a one-year, $2 million contract for 1990. In 1990, he posted a 13–13 record and his then-career worst 4.59 ERA. He had one last great moment on June 29, 1990, when he threw a 6–0 no-hitter against the St. Louis Cardinals just hours after the Oakland Athletics' Dave Stewart had thrown one against the Toronto Blue Jays. According to Lasorda, Valenzuela predicted to some of his teammates, "That's great, now maybe we'll see another no-hitter". It was the first time in the modern baseball era that two no-hitters were thrown on the same day.