Esther 6


Esther 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Esther in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, The author of the book is unknown and modern scholars have established that the final stage of the Hebrew text would have been formed by the second century BCE. Chapters 3 to 8 contain the nine scenes that form the complication in the book. This chapter relates how a sleepless Ahasuerus had his court annals read aloud and discovered that he had failed to reward Mordecai for passing on the information about the assassination plot. The episode leads to 'a marvellously ironic scene', as the narrative 'moves inexorably to its ultimate reversal', starting with Haman leading a king's horse carrying Mordecai, clothed in royal garb through the streets of Susa, and proclaiming the king's favor for Mordecai. Haman went home exhibiting mourning behavior and his wife predicted that Haman's intent to destroy Mordecai would end up with the opposite result.

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and since the 16th century is divided into 14 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, and Codex Alexandrinus.

The king discovers the failure to reward Mordecai (6:1–3)

This section records how the king was by chance sleepless that night, so he asked the Royal Chronicles to be read aloud and found out that, by chance, Mordecai had not been rewarded.

Verse 1

  • "Could not the king sleep" : Hebrew: "the king's sleep fled away".
  • "The book of records of the chronicles": Hebrew: "the book of the remembrances of the accounts of the days"; NAB "the chronicle of notable events"; NET: "the book containing the historical records".

    Verse 2

  • "Bigthana": an alternate spelling of "Bigthan".

    Verse 3

  • "Honour and dignity": from Hebrew: "Honor and greatness”, a hendiadys, which is a figure of speech in which a single idea is expressed through two words or phrases.

    Haman advises the king how to reward the man whom the king wishes to honor (6:4–10)

By chance, Haman was first to afoot in the palace early in the morning to give advice. Any courtier of the king could have given advice, but ironically it is Haman who gave it and also who had to perform the bestowing of the honor he actually desired for himself to Mordecai.

Verse 6

The king unintentionally destroys Haman by hiding the name of the person he wants to honor, in an irony to the fact that Haman intentionally hid from the king the name of the people he wants to destroy.

Haman honors Mordecai according to his own advice to the king (6:11)

Haman concocted an unusually high honor for the "man whom the king delights to honor", but the king without reflection immediately accepted the advice, only to command Haman to perform it on "Mordecai the Jew", thus unintentionally heaping additional humiliation to Haman. The mention of "the Jew" indicates that the king does not relate the Jewish people to the edict of destruction he approved just a few days ago.

Verse 11

Haman's desire to wear the king's clothes and ride on the king horse shows the psychology of an outsider who longed, but never really believed he was able, to be an insider of Persian royalty. This is also shown by how thrilled Haman was to be invited to a private banquet with the king and queen.

Haman's friends and wife predict his downfall (6:12–14)

This section articulates the significant turning point of the story with the prediction concerning the downfall of Haman, the hereditary enemy of the Jews, and the deliverance of the Jews.

Verse 13

Zeresh's response is based on the fact that Mordecai is Jewish, conveying a powerful notion underlying the whole book—that the Jews will ultimately survive.

Verse 14

  • "Came the king's chamberlains": a well-known Eastern custom of fetching guests.