Denpasar Conference
The Denpasar Conference was held from 724 December 1946 at the Hotel Bali, Denpasar and resulted in the establishment of the State of East Indonesia, part of the United States of Indonesia.
It was at this conference that the Dutch government stated its position that control of Western New Guinea would not be handed over at the same time as the rest of the Dutch East Indies.
Background
The Malino Conference, organized by Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Hubertus van Mook and held from 16–25 July 1946, resulted in an agreement among the delegates from eastern Indonesia, as well as Bangka and Belitung to work together to establish a federal United States of Indonesia which would comprise three constituent states: the Republic of Indonesia, the State of Borneo, and the 'Great Eastern State'. Due to ongoing instability in Borneo, as well as open conflict with the Republican forces in Java and Sumatra, van Mook decided to focus on the Great East, and to organize a conference in order to establish a state in this region. Before it was held, the Dutch concluded the Linggadjati Agreement with the Republicans. In this agreement, the Dutch recognized Republican sovereignty over Java, Sumatra and Madura, and both sides agreed to work together to establish the United States of Indonesia and its three component states. However, at the time of the Denpasar Conference, the Linggadjati Agreement had only been initialed by both sides, not formally signed, allowing the Dutch to claim that it was not yet valid. On 10 December 1946, the Dutch government announced its own interpretation of the Agreement in a statement from Foreign Minister Jan Jonkman. This stated that Western New Guinea would not after all be handed over to the United States of Indonesia, a statement at odds with Article 3 of the Linggadjati Agreement. This was the result of pressure from the Dutch Catholic Party, which wished to continue the missionary activities in the region, although van Mook claimed that financial and ethnic issues were the reason. Due to the fact that the request for any Papuan representatives in the conference was rejected by the Dutch authorities, on 12 December 1946, Nicolaas Jouwe, Marthen Indey, and Corinus Krey sent a telegram to van Mook in Denpasar to oppose the formation of the State of East Indonesia as it did not include Western New Guinea.Delegates
The Great East was divided into thirteen regions, with each region selecting a number of delegates in proportion to its population. Van Mook set a limit of 55 regional delegates, with an additional fifteen representing minority ethnic groups, making a total of 70. Although the Dutch claimed that the regional delegates were elected, they were in fact selected by Dutch-appointed officials, and the majority of them were either colonial officials or regional aristocrats.The composition was as follows:
| Region | Delegates |
| South Sulawesi | 16 |
| Minahasa | 3 |
| North Sulawesi | 2 |
| Central Sulawesi | 2 |
| Central Sulawesi | 2 |
| Sangihe & Talaud | 2 |
| North Moluccas | 2 |
| South Moluccas | 3 |
| Bali | 7 |
| Lombok | 5 |
| Timor | 3 |
| Flores | 3 |
| Sumbawa | 3 |
| Sumba | 2 |
| Ethnic minorities | 15 |
| Total | 70 |
Conference proceedings
The conference was due to be opened on 7 December by van Mook, but he was delayed by the complications associated with the Dutch interpretation of the Linggadjati Agreement. In his absence, General Government Commissioner van Hoven chaired the opening session and presented a draft legal basis for an independent State of the Great East. Discussions on this paper continued until van Mook's arrival on 17 December. It included the following provisions:- the State of Indonesia would comprise the Great East except Western New Guinea;
- matters relating to foreign policy, defense and the supreme court, among a total of 40 areas others, would remain the responsibility of the central government;
- a Crown Commissioner would be appointed, with wide-ranging powers including ensuring the protection of the rights of ethnic and religions minorities as well as regional rulers;
- the state would be divided into 13 autonomous regions;
- the head of state would appoint ministers, who would be responsible to a Parliament.
On 22 December, van Mook gave his response to the proposals. He supported the establishment of the senate and the use of the Indonesian national anthem, but was more cautious about the flag. He expressed a wish for Western New Guinea to be an autonomous region with a special relationship with the United States of Indonesia.
In later discussions, van Mook refused to compromise on the status of Western New Guinea as the 10 December statement by Dutch Foreign Minister Jonkman had given him no room for maneuver. It was decided that the status of the territory would be decided later. On 23 December, the draft for the Regulations on Forming the State of Indonesia were drawn up, and approved the following day. This supplemented the existing Dutch colonial law dating from 1927, and would become the provisional constitution. Balinese noble Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati was elected head of state and Tadjoeddin Noor was elected chair of the Provisional Parliament, and subsequently took over the chairmanship of the conference. The conference delegates became the Provisional Parliament, and it was decided it would meet in Makassar, the capital, on 1 March 1947. Soon after, Soekawati was named first President of the State of East Indonesia and designated Nadjamoeddin Daeng Malewa as Prime Minister.