December 1929

Sunday, December 1, 1929

• Seven people were killed in a coal mine explosion in West Frankfort, Illinois.

  Monday, December 2, 1929

• U.S. President Herbert Hoover called on the Soviet Union and China to end armed hostilities and resolve the Chinese Eastern Railway dispute by peaceful means. Simultaneously, Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson asked all the other signatories of the Kellogg–Briand Pact to join the United States in urging the two warring countries to refrain from further fighting.

  Tuesday, December 3, 1929

• President Hoover delivered his first State of the Union message to Congress. It was presented in the form of a written message rather than a speech. The message asserted that "during the past year the Nation has continued to grow in strength" and that the country's problems were "problems of growth and of progress." Of the economic situation, Hoover stated that he had "instituted systematic, voluntary methods of cooperation with the business institutions and with State and municipal authorities to make certain that fundamental businesses of the country shall continue as usual, that wages and therefore consuming power shall not be reduced, and that a special effort shall be made to expand construction work in order to assist in equalizing other deficits in employment ... I am convinced that through these measures we have reestablished confidence."

  Wednesday, December 4, 1929

• Former Prime Minister David Lloyd George, at 66 the eldest member of the British House of Commons, told his colleagues that a second world war was inevitable without disarmament. "The League of Nations has been going on for ten years", he said. "There have been meetings and eloquent speeches delivered in favour of peace, disarmament and arbitration, but the League of Nations is in danger of failure from being run by flapdoodlers."
• The House of Lords voted, 43 to 21, against resuming diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

  Thursday, December 5, 1929

• King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena visited Vatican City to meet with the Pope, the first time the sovereign of unified Italy had ever entered the Vatican. Thousands watched the royal motorcade procession through Rome.
• The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was established.
• The American League for Physical Culture, the first American nudist organization, was formed in New York City.

  Friday, December 6, 1929

• The Chinese city of Nanjing came under martial law as 30,000 rebel forces marched on the city during the Civil War.
• Women received the right to vote in Turkey.

  Saturday, December 7, 1929

• The Aga Khan, Imam of the Nizari Isma'ilism sect of Islam and one of the world's wealthiest men, was married in Aix-les-Bains, France to a former candy store clerk and dressmaker in a simple ceremony with no guests.

  Sunday, December 8, 1929

• The Nazi Party received 11.3% of the vote in local elections in Thuringia, a marked increase over the 2.6 percent the party received in the national elections in May 1928.
• Died: José Vicente Concha, 62, President of Colombia from 1914 to 1918

  Monday, December 9, 1929

• Jay Pierrepont Moffat, the U.S. chargé d'affaires in Geneva, signed the protocol of adherence to the World Court. The action was not permanent until the U.S. Senate approved.
• Born: Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991; in Bordertown, South Australia
• Died: E. T. Kingsley, 73, founder of the Socialist Party of Canada

  Tuesday, December 10, 1929

• The 1929 Nobel Prizes were awarded. The recipients were Louis de Broglie of France for Physics, Arthur Harden of the United Kingdom and Hans von Euler-Chelpin of Sweden, Christiaan Eijkman and Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins of the United Kingdom, Thomas Mann of Germany and Frank Billings Kellogg of the United States.
• A fire at the Pathé film studio in New York killed 11 people during the filming of a musical revue, The Black and White Revue after a hot lamp set a velvet curtain ablaze on the movie set. The studio had no sprinklers. The tragedy led to stricter enforcement of New York's fire regulations.
• Seventeen passengers were killed and 60 injured in a train accident near Namur in Belgium.
• Pavlos Kountouriotis, the President of Greece since the founding of the Second Hellenic Republic in 1926, resigned for reasons of health. He was succeeded by former Prime Minister Alexandros Zaimis.
• Died: Harry Crosby, 31, wealthy American poet and publisher, was found with a gun in his hand and a single gunshot wound to the head, lying next to the body of his 21-year-old lover Josephine Rotch, who had a single wound to the head from a different pistol, in what appeared to have been a suicide pact.

  Wednesday, December 11, 1929

• A prison riot broke out at Auburn Prison in upstate New York, apparently after a gun had been smuggled into the cell block. Eight convicts and a prison superintendent keeper were killed.
• The Reichstag adopted a bill requiring shops to close on Christmas Eve at 5 p.m.

  Thursday, December 12, 1929

• The last British troops occupying the Rhineland were evacuated from Wiesbaden.
• The trial of 26 women in the Angel Makers of Nagyrév case opened in Szolnok, Hungary. The defendants were tried in batches with the final trial ending in the summer of 1930. Ultimately, eight were sentenced to death.

  Friday, December 13, 1929

• A special public buildings subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives approved a $9.74 million plan to erect a building for the Supreme Court. The Court had been housed in offices in the United States Capitol building since that edifice was constructed.
• Born: Christopher Plummer, Canadian stage and film actor; in Toronto

  Saturday, December 14, 1929

• The Greek parliament elected Alexandros Zaimis as the new President of Greece.
• Fifty Communist Party of the U.S. members were arrested for staging an anti-administration protest in front of the White House without a permit, but they were released, almost immediately, in compliance with a request from President Hoover. White House Press Secretary George E. Akerson issued a statement saying that the President Hoover did "not believe that any such discourtesy in any way endangers the republic and that a night in jail is only doing them a favor of cheap martyrdom."
• Died: Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Jackson, 74. Jackson had been the First Sea Lord during World War One until being replaced after German warships were sighted in the English Channel in 1916.

  Sunday, December 15, 1929

• Pope Pius XI beatified 107 English and Welsh martyrs who had been hanged between 1541 and 1680 during the English Reformation, along with 29 others who had been executed. The additions brought the list of beatified martyrs to 186. In 1935, two of the martyrs— Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher— would be canonized as saints of the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Pius on the 400th anniversary of their deaths.
• Born: Ray Herbert, baseball player, in Detroit

  Monday, December 16, 1929

• Pope Pius XI created six new Roman Catholic Cardinals, including the Vatican's Apostolic Nuncio to Germany, Eugenio Pacelli. In 1939, Pacelli would become the successor of Pius XI and take name Pope Pius XII.
• President Hoover signed a $160 million income tax reduction bill into law.
• The British airship R100 carried out its first flight.
• Born: Nicholas Courtney, English actor, in Cairo

  Tuesday, December 17, 1929

• An explosion killed 61 miners at the Old Town coal mine in McAlester, Oklahoma.
• Turkey and the Soviet Union signed a new treaty of alliance.
• Born: William Safire, journalist and writer; in New York City

  Wednesday, December 18, 1929

• The cruise ship RMS Fort Victoria was hit by the ocean liner SS Algonquin while sailing in a dense fog in the Ambrose Channel between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey. All on board the Fort Victoria were rescued before the ship sank, and the Algonquin survived the collision.

  Thursday, December 19, 1929

• The Austrian government set limitations on the freedom of the press by penalizing offenses against the military.

  Friday, December 20, 1929

• With no advance public announcement, Pope Pius XI left the Vatican, entered Italian territory and celebrated mass at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran. It was the first time since the unification of Italy in 1870 that a pope had left the Vatican and entered foreign territory.
• Born: Milan Panić, Serbian politician and pharmaceutical entrepreneur, 1st Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia, founder of ICN Pharmaceuticals, in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
• Died: Émile Loubet, 90, President of France from 1899 to 1906

  Saturday, December 21, 1929

• The occasion of Joseph Stalin's fiftieth birthday marked the beginning of the state-orchestrated cult of personality around him. An enormous press campaign showered hyperbolic acclaim on the "glorious leader", and that day's issue of Pravda was exclusively devoted to him. The city of Volgograd had been renamed in his honor in 1925, but the personality cult would see the erection of statues and other monuments in Stalin's honor until a few years after his 1953 death.
• The Indian National Congress opened a conference in Lahore.
• Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt. The Wafd Party won 198 of the 236 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, after all other parties boycotted the election. Thirty-eight of the seats were won by independent candidates.
• The musical film Pointed Heels, starring William Powell and Helen Kane, was released.

  Sunday, December 22, 1929

• The German referendum on whether to reject, further payment of Germany's reparations owed under the Treaty of Versailles, failed as expected. Although over 90% of the votes cast approved the measure, only about 13.5% of the eligible voting population had participated at all, and the referendum needed a turnout of at least 50% in order to be accepted.
• The musical film Devil-May-Care, starring Ramon Novarro, premiered at the Astor Theatre in New York City.