Daxingshan Temple
Daxingshan Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Yanta District of Xi'an, Shaanxi.
The temple had reached unprecedented heyday in the Tang dynasty, when Śubhakarasiṃha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra taught Chinese Esoteric Buddhism in the temple, known as the "Three Prominent Buddhist Monks in the Kaiyuan Period". Then Japanese Buddhist monks Ennin and Enchin introduced it to Japan, since then, Daxingshan Temple became the cradle of Chinese Esoteric Buddhism. Daxingshan Temple, Daci'en Temple and Jianfu Temple became the three sutras translation sites in the Tang dynasty.
Daxingshan Temple was completely damaged in the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution, after the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907, most parts of the temple were ruined in wars and natural disasters, and gradually it became unknown to public. Most of the present structures in the temple were repaired or built during the Ming dynasty and in modern China.
History
Western Jin dynasty
Daxingshan Temple was first construction as "Zunshan Temple" in 266 by Emperor Wu of the Western Jin dynasty.Northern Zhou dynasty
In the mid-6th century, Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou dynasty founded the Zhigu Temple at the site of Zunshan Temple to commemorate his father-in-law.Sui dynasty
In 582, Emperor Wen of Sui dynasty ordered to relocate the temple to Chang'an, and renamed "Daxingshan Temple". Huiyuan, Huizang, Sengxiu, Baozhen, Hongzun and Tanqian, known as the "Six Prominent Buddhist Monks", settled at the temple under the command of the emperor.Tang dynasty
In the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang dynasty, to commemorate his father Wei Xuanzhen, Empress Wei renamed the temple "Fengguo Temple". In 710, the temple restored the original name.From 716 to 720, during the Kaiyuan period, Śubhakarasiṃha, Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra resided in the temple, where they translated Buddhist sutras and disseminated Chinese Esoteric Buddhism. Japanese Buddhist monks Ennin and Enchin received Chinese Esoteric Buddhism and introduced it from China to Japan. In 756, Amoghavajra was proposed as the new abbot of Daxingshan Temple. He was awarded the title of Guoshi, meaning "Teacher of the Empire", by the Tang emperors Xuanzong, Suzong and Daizong.
Since Emperor Wuzong believed in Taoism, he ordered to demolish Buddhist temples, confiscate temple lands and force monks to return to secular life. Daxingshan Temple was destroyed in this movement.
After the fall of the Tang dynasty, Daxingshan Temple fell into oblivion.
Ming dynasty
During the Yongle era of the Ming dynasty, monk Yunfeng settled at Daxingshan Temple, he supervised the construction of halls and drum tower, and preached Chan Buddhism there.Qing dynasty
During the Qing dynasty, the temple underwent three renovations, respectively in the ruling of Shunzhi Emperor and in the reign of Kangxi Emperor and in the Tongzhi period. But the temple was badly damaged during the Taiping Rebellion.Republic of China
In 1943, Daxingshan Temple became the site of a Buddhist college and the Association of Chinese Religious Believers, which were founded by Taixu, Yu Bin and Feng Yuxiang.People's Republic of China
After the establishment of the Communist State in 1955, the Chinese government appropriated a large sum of money for constructing the temple. On August 6, 1956, it was listed among the first batch of provincial level cultural heritage by the Shaanxi Provincial Government.During the Cultural Revolution the Red Guards had attacked the temple in 1966.
After the 3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, according to the national policy of free religious belief, the Buddhist Association of Shaanxi took over the temple and started a reconstruction project. In 1984, it has been designated as a National Key Buddhist Temple in Han Chinese Area by the State Council of China. In 1985, it became the site of Buddhist Association of Xi'an. That same year, the Japanese Shingon presented a bronze statue of Ksitigarbha to the temple.
In 2015, China's paramount leader Xi Jinping and Indian prime minister Shri Narendra Modi visited the temple.