Dahlan Abdullah
Baginda Dahlan Abdullah was an Indonesian educator, politician, and diplomat of Minangkabau descent who served as the first ambassador of the United States of Indonesia to the Kingdom of Iraq, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon.
Biography
Early life
Dahlan Abdullah was born in Pariaman, West Sumatra, in the former Dutch East Indies on 15 June 1895, the eldest son of Abdoellah, a local judge of Islamic law, and Siti Alidjah, who is also known as Uniang. He had two younger brothers and seven younger sisters, three of whom died in childhood. His family belonged to the Minangkabau ethnic group, which reckons descent matrilineally, and his mother's lineage traces back five generations to the Tanjung clan. Despite the matrilineality of Minangkabau culture, Dahlan inherited the aristocratic title Baginda from his father as a result of the influences of the patrilineal Islamic culture on Pariaman and Minangkabau society by traders from the Arab world.Growing up, Dahlan lived with his family in the village of Pasia, one of Pariaman's most populated neighborhoods. He learned to read the Quran at a young age and enrolled in an indigenous elementary school at age seven or eight. The forward-thinking Abdoellah later enrolled his son in a Dutch-run school for indigenous children in the neighboring city of Padang, from where Dahlan would graduate in 1907. The following year, his father enrolled him in a prestigious auxiliary teacher training school in Fort de Kock, entering in the same class as the future Marxist revolutionary figure Tan Malaka. It is unknown how Abdoellah was able to enroll his son in the European-style school, but Dutch colonial officials during that period were known to have sympathized with indigenous families whose children demonstrated academic prowess.
Education and activism in the Netherlands
Upon graduation with an indigenous teacher's certificate in 1913, Dahlan, Tan Malaka, and a third student were offered the opportunity to continue their education in the Netherlands. Sponsored by a scholarship from the Christian Hague Society, Dahlan arrived in The Hague that November and enrolled in a Christian teacher's school. School archives indicate that he was the only indigenous person from the East Indies in a class of 21 students, with the remaining students coming from various places throughout the Netherlands. He graduated in 1915, one year earlier than scheduled, with a certificate allowing him to teach primary school.Dahlan pursued higher education and enrolled in Leiden University, eventually joining the Indies Association, a student association founded to promote East Indies culture and causes. In 1916, Java saw its biggest floods in 30 years, submerging villages and rail infrastructure. Dahlan successfully organized the association's charity event to raise funds for the flood's victims. That same year, at the urging of the exiled Javanese writer Soewardi Soerjaningrat, he attempted public speaking for the first time at the 1916 Colonial Education Congress and advocated for the role of indigenous teachers in Dutch language instruction as part of Dutch Ethical Policy in the East Indies. Because of these two events, he gained the support of fellow students and, in 1917, was elected as the youngest chairperson in the history of the association at the age of 22.
At Leiden University, Dahlan formed a close relationship with, a Malay language scholar hired to replace the late linguist. Between 1918 and 1923, Dahlan was hired as Van Ronkel's teaching assistant, becoming the first native speaker of Malay to teach the language at the university. He provided instruction on conversational Malay to Dutch colonial officer candidates seeking assignment in the East Indies, while Van Ronkel taught Malay grammar. In 1919, he was accepted as a member of the Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, a prestigious academic journal with special emphasis on Southeast Asia and the East Indies.