List of kings of Thrace and Dacia

Mythological

• Haemus, became a mountain Haemus Mons
• Thrax, son of Ares
• Tegyrios, mortal
• Eumolpus, inherited a kingdom from Tegyrios
• Tereus, the king that was turned into a hoopoe
• Phineus, Phoenician son of Agenor, blind king and seer
• Poltys, son of Poseidon
• Pyreneus, died trying to harm the Muses
• Harpalycus, king of the Amymnaeans
• Thoas, founder of Thoana
• Mopsus, killed Myrine, an amazon queen
• Peirous, a Thracian war leader killed by Thoas the Aetolian
• Rhesus of Thrace, died in the Trojan War
• Cisseus, father of Theano, the wife of Antenor
• Diomedes of Thrace, Giant that ruled over the Bistones
• Lycurgus, of the Edoni
• Oeagrus, father of Orpheus and Linus
• Orpheus of the Cicones
• Polymestor of the Bistonians
• Zalmoxis of the Getae
• Charnabon of the Getae, who came into power when grain was first given to men mentioned by Sophocles
• Pyraechmes of the Paeonians
• Asteropaios of the Paeonians

  Persian

• Darius I, Persian Satrapy named Skudra by 516 BC
• Darius I, Thrace is resubjucated by Mardonius at 492 BC
• Xerxes I, retains Thrace from 486 BC to 479 BC

  Tribal kings

• Olorus, 5th century BC
• Syrmus, king of the Triballi 4th century BC
• Bergaios, petty king of Pangaeum
• Dromichaetes, of the Getae 300 BC
• Langarus, of the Agrianes
• Pleuratus, a Thracian or Illyrian king that attacked Tylis 213–208 BC
• Diegylis, chieftain of the Caeni extremely bloodthirsty 145 BC
• Ziselmius, Diegylis' son
• Mostis, of the Caeni, king ~130–90 BC
• Abrupolis of the Sapaeans, 2nd century BC
• King Blachernai a local Royal thracian of the Odrysian Astaean Family 2nd century BC mentioned by Dionysus of Byzantium.
• Rabocentus of the Bessi mentioned by Cicero
• Cosingas, chieftain and priest of Hera to the tribes of Cebrenii and Sucaeboae
• Getas, king of the Edones

  Getic and Dacian

• Charnabon, king of the Getae as mentioned by Sophocles in Triptolemus - 5th century BC
• Cothelas, father of Meda of Odessa – 4th century BC
• Rex Histrianorum, ruler in Histria, mentioned by Trogus Pompeius and Justinus - 339 BC
• Dual – 3rd century BC
• Moskon – 3rd century BC
• Dromichaetes – 3rd century BC
• Zalmodegicus – around 200 BC
• Rhemaxos – around 200 BC
• Rubobostes – around 200 BC
• Zoltes – 200 BC
• Oroles – 2nd century BC
• Dicomes – 1st century BC
• Rholes – 1st century BC
• Dapyx – 1st century BC
• Zyraxes – 1st century BC
• Burebista – 82–44 BC
• Deceneus – 44 BC - around 27 BC High Priest
• Thiamarkos - 1st century BC - 1st century AD, Dacian king
• Cotiso – c. 40 BC - c.9 BC
• Comosicus – 9 BC–30 AD
• Scorilo – c.30–70 AD
• Coson
• Duras – c. 69–87
• Decebalus – 87–106
• *106 AD, Dacia becomes a province of the Roman Empire conquered by Trajan.
• Pieporus, king of Dacian Costoboci – 2nd century AD
• Tarbus – 2nd century AD. Dio Cassius mentioned him without specifying his origin. Some authors consider a possible Dacian ethnicity

  Paeonian

• See: List of Paeonian kings

  Celtic rulers in Thrace

• Cerethrius
• Critasirus, a Celt
• Bathanatos of the Scordisci

  Celtic rulers of [Tylis] in Thrace

• Comontorius Celtic military commander, first king of Tylis
• Orsoaltius
• Cersibaulus
• Cavarus, last king of Tylis; overthrown by the Thracians

  Greek-Macedonian

• Philip II of Macedon, annexed Thrace, 341–336 BC
• Alexander the Great retains Thrace and suppresses rebellion, 335–323 BC
• Lysimachus, one of the Diadochi, includes Thrace in his kingdom, 323–281 BC
• Philip V of Macedon controls all cities of Thrace up to the hellespont, 238–179 BC
• Perseus of Macedon continues controlling the part of Thrace his father left him, 212–166 BC

  Odrysian Kingdom

• Teres I, son of ? Odryses,
• Sparatocus, son of Teres I
• Sitalces, son of Teres I
• Seuthes I, son of Sparatocus
• Maesades, father of Seuthes II, local ruler in eastern Thrace?
• Teres II, local ruler in eastern Thrace
• Saratocus, local ruler in western Thrace?
• Metocus, son of ? Sitalces
• Amadocus I, son of ? Metocus or of Sitalces
• Seuthes II, son of Maesades, descendant of Teres I, local ruler in eastern Thrace
• Hebryzelmis, son or brother of ? Seuthes I
• Cotys I, son of ? Seuthes I or Seuthes II
• Cersobleptes, son of Cotys I, king in eastern Thrace
• Berisades, rival of Cersobleptes, king in western Thrace in Strimos
• Amadocus II, son of Amadocus I and rival of Cersobleptes, king in central Thrace in Chersonese and Maroneia
• Cetriporis, son of Berisades, king in western Thrace in Strimos
• Teres III, son of ? Amadocus II, king in central Thrace in Chersonese and Maroneia
• * The kings of Thrace are forced to submit to Macedonian rule or overlordship by 341 BC
• Seuthes III, son of ? Teres III or Cotys I, opposed Macedonian rule
• * The succession to Seuthes III is unclear; the area was partitioned among Thracian dynasts and Macedonian kings, after 277 also by the Celts of Tylis

  Odrysian rulers in eastern Thrace (hypothetical reconstruction)

• Cotys II, son of Seuthes
• Rhaezdus, son of ? Cotys II
• Cotys III, son of Rhaezdus
• Rhescuporis I, son of Cotys III

  Odrysian rulers originally in inner Thrace (hypothetical reconstruction)

• Teres IV, son of Seuthes
• Seuthes IV, son of Teres
• Teres V, son of ? Seuthes IV
• Rhoegus, son of Seuthes
• Seuthes V, son of ? Rhoegus
• Amadocus III, son of ? Seuthes V
• Cotys IV, son of Seuthes V
• Teres VI, son of ? Amadocus III
• Beithys, son of Cotys IV
• * The line may have continued as the Odryso-Astaean dynasty listed below

  Various Thracian local rulers attested in the Third Century BC

• Spartocus, ruler of Cabyle?
• Scostocus, ruler in southern Thrace near Aenus and Sestus
• Sadalas, ruler near Messembria, descendant of Cotys, Medistas, Taruntinus, and Mopsyestis
• Odoroes
• Adaeus, Thracian or Macedonian ruler near Cypsela

  Various non-Odrysian rulers in Thrace

• Abrupolis of the Sapaeans, fought with Antigonid Macedonia
• Autlesbis of the ? Caeni, fought with Cotys IV as Roman ally
• Diegylis of the Caeni
• Zibelmius of the Caeni, son of Diegylis, murdered
• Sothimus of the ? Maedi, ally of Mithradates VI, invaded Roman Macedonia

  Illyrian rulers

• Pleuratus I ruler near Skodra
• Agron, son of Pleuratus II
• Pinnes, son of Agron ; under regency of stepmother Teuta 230-228 BC and of stepfather Demetrius of Pharos 228-219 BC
• Scerdilaidas, son of Pleuratus I
• Pleuratus II, son of Scerdilaidas
• Gentius, son of Pleuratus II
• * 168 BC Illyria annexed by the Roman Republic

  Odryso-[Astae]an Kingdom

• Cotys V, son of ? Beithys
• Sadalas I, son of Cotys V
• * Amadocus, Odrysian royal sent to the aid of Sulla at Chaeronea |Chaeronea] in 86 BC
• Cotys VI, son of Sadalas I
• Sadalas II, son of Cotys VI
• Sadalas III, kinsman of Sadalas II
• Cotys VII, son of Sadalas II by Polemocratia
• Rhescuporis II , son of Cotys VII by daughter of the Sapaean king Cotys II, killed by the Bessi
• * 11 BC Astaean Thrace conferred on Rhescuporis II's maternal uncle, the Sapaean king Rhoemetalces I, by the Roman emperor Augustus, thereby uniting Thrace

  Sapaean">Sapaeans">Sapaean Kingdom and unified Thrace

• Cotys I, son of ? Rhoemetalces, 57?–by 48 BC
• Rhescuporis I, son of Cotys I, by 48 BC–41 BC
• * Rhascus, son of Cotys I, associate ruler? c. 42 BC
• Cotys II, son of Rhescuporis I, 42 BC–31 BC
• *Thrace becomes a unitary client state of Rome in 11 BC
• Rhoemetalces I, son of Cotys II, 31 BC–AD 12
• Rhescuporis II, son of Cotys II, in western Thrace, deposed by the Roman emperor Tiberius I, 12–19
• Cotys III, son of Rhoemetalces I, in eastern Thrace, killed by his uncle Rhescuporis II, 12–19; married Antonia Tryphaena
• Rhoemetalces II, son of Cotys III and Antonia Tryphaena, 19-38
• Antonia Tryphaena, co-ruler of her son Rhoemetalces II
• The last client rulers of Thrace: Pythodoris II and Rhoemetalces III; Rhoemetalces III, son of Rhescuporis II, 38-46; married his cousin's daughter Pythodoris II, murdered by wife
• * 46 annexation by the Roman Empire, by the Roman emperor Claudius I

  Scythian

• Spargapeithes, king of the Agathyrsi