Cañari language


Cañar or Cañari is a poorly-attested extinct language of the Marañón River basin in Ecuador which is difficult to classify, apart from being apparently related to Puruhá, though it may have been Chimuan or Barbacoan. It was the original language of the Cañari people before its replacement by Kichwa and later Spanish.

Phonology

The following tentative phonology given below is from Howard.

Vocabulary

Cañari substratum in Cañar Quichua

Howard (2010)

Some lexical items found in Cañar Quichua collected from various sources and fieldwork are given below. In the columns from the sources, a plus sign indicates that it is present, while a minus sign indicates non-presence.
FieldworkCorderoCordero PalaciosGloss
azhan+-face up
chinzhina+ 'light breakfast at daybreak'+have breakfast
gaza--ambling in a dejected way
guzhgurina+ 'gain something without deserving it -enjoy oneself
guzu++marsh
huizhi+ 'soot'+ huizhina 'to ignite'embers
jizi++smiling, laughing
pizhu-+wrinkled
puzha+ 'fine leaf dust, fibrous dirt'+ 'dirt'mote of dust, dirt
tuzu++ 'morally deflated'hunched, shrivelled
zharpi++roughly ground corn
zharu++roughly ground corn
zhima++ 'soft, textured corn'pearl-coloured variety of corn
zhinki--poorly physically developed
zhiru++grey
zhuru++pockmarked
zula+-fruit that has not grown well
zupu+-swollen-footed through disease
cuzha++bird's nest
cuzhana++ cuzhanito nest
huizhu+ 'bush of the Malva family'+ 'Ternstroemia meridionalis'plant name
zhuta--bird
cuzu++larva, worm
puzun++stomach, large stomach of cows
guzhgui++eucalyptus seed, spinning top
jazha++jaw

Urban (2018)

According to Urban, modern-day Cañar Quichua has a Cañari substratum, which can be seen in the phonology and lexicon of the dialect. Below is a list of Cañar Quichua words with Barbacoan lexical parallels, and hence likely to be words of Cañari origin. The words were compiled by Urban from Cordero, Cordero Palacios, and Paris, and are compared in the table below to words the Barbacoan languages Totoró, Cha'palaa, and Tsafiki as well as Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions.