List of Canadian military operations
Since 1947, the Canadian Armed Forces have completed 72 international missions. More than 3,600 soldiers, sailors and Air Force personnel are deployed overseas on operational missions. On any given day, about 8,000 Canadian Armed Forces members Royal Canadian Air Force, Royal Canadian Navy, and Canadian Army are preparing for, engaged in or are returning from an overseas mission.
Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its positive global image. Canada has served in over 50 peacekeeping missions. Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military operations that are not sanctioned by the United Nations, such as the Vietnam War or the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Canada has faced controversy over its operations in some foreign countries, notably the 1993 Somalia affair.
Since the 21st century, Canadian direct participation in UN peacekeeping efforts greatly declined, with its military participation reallocated to UN-sanctioned operations through the List of [NATO operations|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]. This military reallocation resulted in a shift towards more militarized and deadly missions. Canada's participation in the Afghanistan war saw over 160 Canadian deaths, the largest for any single Canadian military mission since the Korean War in the early 1950s.
Alongside many domestic obligations and a few ongoing peacekeeping missions, the Canadian Armed Forces are currently deployed in multiple foreign military operation. Below is a list of all currently active and past Canadian Armed Forces operations both within Canada's borders and internationally.
Current and recurring operations
This section consists of Canadian Forces operations which are currently active, or conducted annually or on a periodic basis.Domestic
- Operation Driftnet – In support of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Multinational efforts to control driftnetting and other forms of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in the North Pacific Ocean.
- Operation LASER - Domestic response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Operation LENTUS – Contingency plan that outlines the joint response to provide support for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response to provincial and territorial authorities in the case of a major natural disaster that overwhelms their capacity to respond.
- Operation Limpid – Routine domestic surveillance of Canadian air, maritime, land, space, and cyber domains as well as presence in Canada's aerial, maritime and land approaches in order to detect, deter, prevent, pre-empt and defeat threats aimed at Canada or Canadian interests.
- Operation Nanook – To assert Canada's sovereignty over its northernmost regions, to enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to operate in Arctic conditions, to improve coordination in whole-of-government operations, and to maintain interoperability with mission partners for maximum effectiveness in response to safety and security issues in the North.
- Operation Nevus – To perform essential preventive and corrective maintenance on the High Arctic Data Communications System located on Ellesmere Island.
- Operation Nunalivut – To assert Canada's sovereignty over its northernmost regions, to demonstrate the ability to operate in the harsh winter environment in remote areas of the High Arctic, and to enhance its capability to respond to any situation in the Canada's North.
- Operation Nunakput – To assert Canada's sovereignty over its northernmost regions, to enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to operate in Arctic conditions, to improve coordination and cooperation in whole-of-government operations, and to maintain interoperability with mission partners for maximum effectiveness in response to safety and security issues in the North.
- Operation Palaci – Contribution to Parks Canada's avalanche-control program in Rogers Pass. To prevent uncontrolled, naturally occurring avalanches, and thus prevent blockage of the essential road and rail links between coastal British Columbia and the rest of Canada.
- Operation Sabot – Marijuana-eradication program conducted annually with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
Foreign
Americas
- Operation Hamlet – Participation in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti.
Africa
- Operation Crocodile – Military contribution to the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Operation Saturn – To serve with UNAMID, the hybrid operation by the African Union and the United Nations in Darfur.
- Operation Soprano – Participation in the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan, the military component of a "whole-of-government" engagement in South Sudan that also includes the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
- Operation Sirona – Military component of the Canadian whole-of-government contribution to fighting the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Canadian Armed Forces personnel will augment efforts undertaken by the United Kingdom to combat the spread of the Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone.
Asia
- Operation Neon - Canadian contribution to monitor United Nations Security Council sanctions placed on North Korea. The operation is renewed in 2023 up to 2026. Formerly done under Operation Projection until 2019.
At sea
- Operation Caribbe – Multinational campaign against illicit trafficking by transnational organized crime in the Caribbean basin and the eastern Pacific Ocean.
- Operation Artemis – Participation in counter-terrorism and maritime security operations in the Arabian Sea.
- Operation Projection - Royal Canadian Navy operations in the Asia-Pacific, Euro-Atlantic and African maritime environment in support of NATO Maritime Command, U.S. Naval Forces, and other allied operations.
Middle East
- Operation Jade – Contribution to the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in the Middle East
- Operation Gladius – Latest stage of Canada's long-standing participation in the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force on the Golan Heights between Israel and Syria.
- Operation Calumet – Canada's participation in the Multinational Force and Observers, an independent peacekeeping operation in the Sinai Peninsula.
- Operation Metric – Periodic participation in international efforts to enhance security in the eastern Mediterranean region, specifically the Middle East and North Africa.
- Operation Proteus – Canada's contribution to the Office of the United States Security Coordinator in Jerusalem.
- Operation Foundation – Contribution of headquarters and liaison staff to United States Central Command to support operations in its area of responsibility, which extends from Egypt to Pakistan and includes the Middle East and southwest Asia. Supports Canada's efforts in the Middle East and southwest Asia, and promotes Canadian values through regular presence and exchange with military allies, foreign armed forces, and governments in the USCENTCOM area of responsibility.
- Operation Impact – Canada's contribution to the US-led international coalition against ISIS.
Europe
- Operation Kobold – Deployment to Pristina, Kosovo, to serve with the NATO-led Kosovo Force.
- Operation Ignition – Periodic participation in the NATO – Airborne Surveillance and Interception Capabilities to Meet Iceland's Peacetime Preparedness Needs mission. This is an operation conducted to monitor Iceland's airspace and enforce security if required. Contributes to the security of Canadian airspace by monitoring and controlling air traffic in the northeastern approaches to North America.
- Operation Reassurance – Deployment in Central and Eastern Europe as part of NATO reassurance measures.
- Operation Snowgoose – Contribution to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus.
- Operation Unifier – Contribution to support Ukrainian forces through capacity building, in coordination with the U.S. and other countries providing similar training assistance.
Worldwide
- Operation GLOBE - The Canadian Armed Forces's commitment to active engagement abroad. Allowed the opportunity to work alongside personnel from other government departments, as well as other nations. Currently used for deployments related to the COVID-19 pandemic abroad repatriating Canadians overseas, and United Nations-related transportation of humanitarian and food supplies on behalf of the World Food Programme and World Health Organization.
Past operations
This section consists of Canadian Forces operations that are no longer active or on-going on an annual or periodic basis and are deemed complete.Domestic
- Operation Abacus
- Operation Assistance
- Operation Cadence
- Operation Canopy
- Operation Grizzly
- Operation Hurricane
- Operation Force
- Operation Forge
- Operation Lama
- Operation Lentus 13-01
- Operation Lentus 14-05:
- Operation Lentus 14-03: Northern Ontario
- Operation Lentus 14-02: Northern Ontario
- Operation Lentus 14-02: Northern Ontario
- Operation Lentus 15-02: Northern Saskatchewan
- Operation Lentus 15-01: Kashechewan, Ontario
- Operation Lentus 16-01: Fort McMurray, Alberta
- Operation Lentus 17-01: Western Canada
- Operation Lentus 17-02: Manitoba
- Operation Lentus 17-03: Quebec and Newfoundland
- Operation Lentus 17-02: Kashechewan, Ontario
- Operation Lentus 17-01: New Brunswick
- Operation Lentus 18-01 - Kashechewan Floods
- Operation Lentus 18-02 - New Brunswick Floods
- Operation Lentus 18-03 - BC Wild Fires
- Operation Lentus 18-04 - Manitoba Wild Fires
- Operation Lentus 18-05 - BC Wild Fires
- Operation Lentus 19-01: Nova Scotia Hurricane Dorian Relief
- Operation Lentus 19-02: Pikangikum First Nation Evacuations
- Operation Lentus 19-03: New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario Floods
- Operation Lotus
- Operation Lustre
- Operation Octal
- Operation Persistence
- Operation Peregrine
- Operation Podium
- Operation Preamble
- Operation Reconfiguration
- Operation Recuperation
- Operation Splinter
- Operation Pyramid
- Operation Salon
- CAF Operation Unique
- Operation Provision
International
This section covers past Canadian Forces operations that took place beyond Canada's borders. It includes peacekeeping operations as well as those through NATO and in participation with other allies.Americas and Caribbean
- Operation Abalone
- Operation Bandit
- Operation Cadence
- Operation Cauldron
- Operation Compliment
- Operation Eagle Assist
- Operation Forward Action
- Operation Halo
- Operation Heritage
- Operation Hestia
- Operation Hugo
- Operation Humble
- Operation Jaguar
- Operation Match
- Operation Megaphone.
- Operation Noble Eagle
- Operation Stable
- Operation Standard
- Operation Sultan CF contribution to UN Observer Group in Central America
- Operation Support
- Operation Unison
- Operation Vision
- Operation Quartz
Africa
- Operation Addition
- Operation Augural
- Operation Caravan
- Operation Consonance
- Operation Deliverance
- Operation Eclipse
- Operation Lance
- Operation Matador
- Operation Mobile
- Operation Module
- Operation Pastel
- Operation Passage
- Operation Prudence
- Operation Python
- Operation Relief
- Operation Reptile
- Operation Safari - Operation SAFARI was Canada's participation in the United Nations Mission in Sudan. As such, it was the military component of the Canadian whole-of-government engagement in southern Sudan, which involved the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, the Canadian International Development Agency, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Task Force Sudan, the Canadian Forces team deployed on Operation SAFARI, was the Canadian contingent in UNMIS. At its peak, Task Force Sudan comprised 30 Canadian Forces members, including 20 serving as United Nations Military Observers at team sites across southern Sudan, eight on the staff at UNMIS Headquarters in Khartoum, and three with the Canadian support element in Khartoum.
- Operation Sculpture
- Operation Serval
- Operation Solitude
Europe, Balkans and Mediterranean
- Operation Alliance
- Operation Artisan
- Operation Bolster, Former Republic of Yugoslavia
- Operation Boreas
- Operation Bronze – Deployment of teams of Canadian Forces members serving in key positions at from 2004 to 2010)
- Operation Cavalier – Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Operation Chaperon – Canadian contribution to United Nations Military Observers in Prevlaka from February 1996 to September 2001
- Operation Echo – Canadian CF-18 deployment to Italy in support of the NATO Stabilization Force and Kosovo Force from June 1998 to December 2000
- Operation Fusion – Canadian support to the European Union's Operation Concordia in the Republic of Macedonia from 1 April 2003 to 12 May 2003
- Operation Harmony – Support to the United Nations Protection Force in Croatia
- Operation Kinetic – Contribution to KFOR, the NATO peacekeeping force that operated in Kosovo and the Republic of Macedonia from June 1999 to June 2000
- Operation Mandarin
- Operation Palladium – Contribution to the NATO Stabilization Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina from December 1995 to December 2004
- Operation Quadrant
- Operation Sextant
- Operation Sirius
- Operation Speaker
- Operation Torrent
- NATO Operation Sharpguard
- NATO Operation Allied Force
- NATO Operation Joint Guardian
- Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force
South Asia
- Operation Apollo – Operations in support of the United States in its military operations in Afghanistan. The operation took place from October 2001 to October 2003
- Operation Argus – Strategic Advisory Team Afghanistan from September 2005 to August 2008
- Operation Archer – Since July 2005 to July 2006, Canada's participation in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan has been conducted under Operation Archer
- Operation Athena
- Operation Plateau
Southeast Asia
- Operation Marquis – United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia
- Operation Structure – Disaster Assistance Response Team deployment to Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
- Operation Toucan -Peacekeeping support to the International Force in East Timor and United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor from October 1999 to April 2001
Southwest Asia and Middle East
- Operation Altair – Canada's contribution of warships in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea from Jan 2004 to Oct 2008)
- Operation Angora – United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
- Operation Accius – Contribution of two senior Canadian Forces officers to the Military Advisory Unit of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
- Operation Assist
- Operation Augmentation
- Operation Danaca
- Operation Determination
- Operation Forum
- Operation Friction
- Operation Prevention
- Operation Record – Canadian support to the United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission from May 1991 to August 2001
- Operation Scalpel
- Operation Scimitar
- Operation Vagabond
- Operation Impact - from 2014 to present