Anthony the Wanderer
Anthony the Wanderer was a Russian wanderer, widely known in Russia during the reigns of Emperors Alexander II, Alexander III and Nicholas II. Some contemporaries, and on the basis of their testimonies, later Soviet and Russian historians attributed to him the influence on the last Russian emperor.
Anthony the Wanderer collected funds for the construction of village churches and schools. However, there were confirmed several cases of entrusted to him money thefts, and fraud in building materials and payment for work; these thefts took place over a long period of time. To humble his body, Anthony wore two poods penance chains and a heavy cane. Regardless of the weather or the season, he walked barefoot. Anthony was known as a righteous man, but his contemporaries were also aware of cases of drunkenness involving minors.
Anthony the Wanderer was closely acquainted with a number of prominent government officials, deputies and some representatives of the higher clergy. Candidate of historical sciences Andrei Tereshchuk found close similarities in the personality, appearance, outlook and biography of the Anthony the Wanderer and Grigory Rasputin.
Biography
Childhood and youth
Anthony Isaevich Petrov was born around 1834 in the village of Kolesnikovo, Yalutorovsky uyezd, Tobolsk province. It is known that he had one brother — Rodion Isaevich Petrov. The doctor of history, the expert in the religion history and relations between state and religion Sergey Firsov gave contradictory information about Petrov's social origin. On the one hand, he called him a merchant. On the other hand, he considered him a citizen. Anton was as a private in the Caucasus. After demobilization, he followed in his father's footsteps, and became a merchant. For a long time, like his father, he traded in Moscow in crafts and imported goods". It was also around this time when he got married. In that marriage he had two sons.Candidates of historical sciences Andrei Tereshchuk and Sergei Firsov wrote that in his childhood years, having barely learned to read, Anthony preferred religious literature, especially hagiographies of saints. Already in his youth he devoted himself to God, to give up his fortune, to leave his family and to wander in holy places. Sergei Firsov and Andrey Tereshchuk noted that his conversion did not happen in his youth, but in his mature years, and the reason for it was the healing of a serious illness. Anthony vowed that if he recovered, he would dedicate his life to God. He gave up his former life and set out on a journey, giving his clothes and boots to the first beggar he met and taking on two pounds of weight. Regardless of the season, he went barefoot on his wanderings.
Elena Ermachkova, a candidate of history, provides other information about the childhood and youth of the wanderer. It is based on the documentary essay dedicated to the wanderer by the Russian writer Vladimir Korolenko. According to her data, also based on archival materials, Anthony was born not in 1834, but in 1850 in the family of a peasant from the village of Kolesnikovo Isaiah Petrov. The family was poor, sometimes starving. In addition to farming in the household was a carriage trade. Anthony was engaged in it in his youth. According to the memories of the villagers, he was cheerful, liked to go out, so he tried to free himself from the control of his father. Contemporaries claimed that the young man was always drunk on trips outside the village. Anthony began to steal. He established close communication "with settlers and gypsies". Finally, the thief was caught stealing. The judge sentenced the young man to 20 lashes. By the decision of the community, Anthony was exiled to the Siberian taiga, but he suddenly disappeared. A few years later the parish received a request "whether the village community has any objections to the transfer of the peasant Anton Isaevich Petrov to the citizens of Biysk". The villagers did not report about the past of a fellow villager and let him go "in peace".
Wanderering
After a while, Anthony returned to the village. In the spring of 1895 he was already "a good-looking and quiet wanderer Anthony". He arrived in a "200-ruble carriage" drawn by a trio of horses he owned. The girl sitting next to him was introduced as the nun Sister Anna. Candidate of historical sciences Andrei Tereshchuk and Doctor of historical sciences Sergei Firsov claimed that she was the daughter of a millionaire, but found the meaning of life in the service of a wanderer. Later it turned out that it was a resident of the Perm province Anna Efimovna Koshkina, who was not a nun and put on the cowl at the request of Petrov Firsov wrote that up to twenty women lived with Anthony, who, in his words, "found no satisfaction in their surroundings".Anthony announced his desire to build a new church in the village. He asked the parishioners, who were at least 15 years old, to deliver to the construction 10 carts of sand, five thousand finished bricks, and three carts of firewood to burn the missing bricks. Each parishioner had to work for three days on the church site. Anthony promised to build a new school next to the church. According to the 1897 census, 714 men and 789 women lived in the village of Kolesnikovo. Before the three-story wooden two-classroom school was completed, the traveler offered to start classes in his own new two-story house. He kept his word. On March 20, 1898 the observer of the Tobolsk diocesan school board wrote in his report: "The premises of this school, built at the expense of the Tobolsk citizen Anton Isaevich Petrov, who calls himself the wanderer Anthony, were given a more dignified form this year by the efforts of the headmaster, Father Alexander Sedachev: the teacher's apartment was moved to the lower floor, and the upper floor, except for the dressing room, was turned into a classroom".
The construction of the church with a bell tower began in April 1896. It is known that Anthony was involved in construction fraud: he received money from the patrons of the capital for every cart and day of work of the peasants who worked for free. One day the neighbors heard a noise in his house and saw that he was "beating his sister Anna like an animal". For a whole week Anthony was drunk, and the contractor Makarov for some fault "scolded and grabbed a handful of cement, threw it in his eyes," beat the bricklayer Korotkov, the peasant Nikitin while working on the construction site hit in the chest so that he hit the doorjamb, lost consciousness. Anthony's authority was undermined. The diocesan architect Bogdan Zinke, after inspecting the church under construction, came to the conclusion that it might collapse. One wall had already cracked and separated. As the Siberian media noted, "one shameful autumn night Anthony fled without paying the contractor Makarov 563 rubles and the masons over 600 rubles. However, he returned the following spring, but with little money he once again led a merry and dissolute life".
For seven years, the wanderer Anthony lived in the village of Kolesnikovo during the summer to supervise the construction of a church and school. His behavior was rebellious. He organized drunken parties in the school building, where he lived during the summer, or in his apartment during school hours. He would gather students together and give them wine to drink. In the summer of 1897, the local priest heard that the children were singing the troparion to St. Nicholas of Myra on Anthony's orders, but instead of the saint's name, they were substituting Anthony's name. The next Sunday, the children were not in church for the service. One of the boys explained to the priest that "Father Anthony" had stopped them from going to church. A stranger standing nearby explained, "You don't let them come to me, and I don't let them come to you. In 1904 the Church of the Epiphany was opened in Kolesnikovo. The school was never finished.
In the course of time, in Siberia, Anthony gained a reputation as a swindler. After giving a 64-pound bell to the Bigilinskaya church, he demanded 200 carts from the parishioners, charging 4 rubles each, and from the Goryunovsky parish he demanded 50 carts for books and a 300-rouble bell. Anthony became famous for his strange antics in Tyumen. He invited a photographer, but refused to pay for the pictures, which cost 280 rubles.
St. Petersburg and Moscow
Anthony first appeared in Moscow in 1860, when he visited the Iverskaya Chapel of the Mother of God. Already in the first half of the 1860s he became widely known in Moscow. It was believed that when alms were given to him, he distributed them immediately. For three years Anthony traveled in the Caucasus and visited Transbaikal. He visited various provinces of the Russian Empire. Anthony's companion during his travels in Siberia and Palestine in the 1890s was a well-known philanthropist among the merchants of Kronshtadt, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nikitin. Nikitin published his impressions of their joint travels in the pages of Kronstadt newspapers. Eventually, Anthony settled in Moscow as a widely known wanderer and philanthropist. Visitors lined up at his house, eager to receive advice from the wanderer or material help.The writer Vladimir Korolenko, who followed the activities of the wanderer Anthony, wrote that the media created a loud advertisement for him. His arrival was reported in every city on the way to St. Petersburg, where he first traveled in 1894. To the newspaper's surprise, Anthony arrived in the capital not on foot, but by train, and after his arrival, for some unknown reason, he went to the vodka factory of Vasily Petrov. A contemporary described two days of the wanderer's stay in Kronstadt: "On April 3 and 4, a huge crowd stood in front of one of these houses, which did not disperse until late at night. At the gate, at the entrance, stood the master and mistress —a very vigilant guard— who let in only those who left something in a trembling hand. This was during the day. In the evening and at night everyone was admitted for an entrance fee of 30 kopecks per person. The corridor, 10 sazhens long and 2 arshin wide, was crowded with people. Talking, crying of children mingled, the crowd was terrible, the corridors were dark, the crowd went forward very quietly, as the saint released the front lucky... The corridor was with a turn — and at the end of it, the correspondent who described this scene, saw the newly appeared saint".
In time, the popularity of Anton and the size of his personal fortune reached enormous proportions. In 1894 the political, social and literary newspaper Petersburgsky Listok reported: "The wanderer Anthony has workshops and factories which work only for him bells, iconostases, church utensils. He writes all the icons from the Trinity Lavra". With the money collected by the wanderer, churches and schools were built throughout the country. In March 1894, a copper bell weighing 550 poods was cast for the donations of 11,000 roubles collected by Anthony for St. Andrew's Cathedral in Kronstadt. His charity was recognized by a diploma of the Holy Governing Synod, signed by Metropolitan Palladius of St. Petersburg and Ladoga. General Field Marshal Joseph Gurko, the First Protopresbyter of the Russian Army and Navy Alexander Zhelobovsky, the Commander of Moscow General Alexei Unkovsky expressed their gratitude to Anthony. Andrei Tereshchuk wrote that after Anthony became an object of veneration in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other regions of Russia, he no longer went on foot and preferred to take a carriage.
The monogramist O. B. A. in the monthly socio-political, literary and scientific journal Russkoye Bogatstvo characterized the wanderer Anthony as "once a happy rival of John of Kronstadt". However, the author of the article concluded that the wanderer's departure from the capital to Siberia was due to his defeat in the rivalry with John. He mentioned some articles written by Anthony, in which "the tyranny and trash of the almost prehistoric times use all the power of the printing press and all the comforts of state patronage". These articles are distributed, according to O. B. A.'s conviction, by the Kiev-Pechersk and Pochaev Lavras. The author writes about the extreme conservatism of the wanderer's views and compares them with the views of one of the ardent Black Hundreds, Hieromonk Iliodor. On the contrary, the anonymous author of an article in the magazine Strannik for 1894 argues that Anthony did not address people with any kind of teaching or preaching. People saw in his actions deeds, holiness, sought to receive from him a prophecy, a favor, and the wanderer himself was perceived as a "man of God".