Ajit Narayanan
Ajit Narayanan is the inventor of FreeSpeech, a picture language with a deep grammatical structure. He's also the inventor of Avaz, India's first Augmentative and Alternative Communication app for children with disabilities. He is a TR35 awardee and an awardee of the National Award for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities by the President of India. He is currently employed by Google, as a part of the accessibility team.
Early life and education
Ajit grew up in Chennai, India, and showed an early aptitude for language and mathematics. He went on to study electrical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. During his graduation, he received the Motorola Prize for his academic and extra-curricular activities. During his time at IIT Madras, he was a part of the Institute quiz team, notably captaining the team that won the University Challenge in 2003, and editing the IIT Madras campus magazine, The Fourth Estate. Ajit subsequently moved to the United States, working for several years at American Megatrends.FreeSpeech
In February 2013, Ajit gave a TED talk on a new linguistic structure called FreeSpeech, and an algorithm called the FreeSpeech engine. FreeSpeech was created in response to a need felt among children with complex communication needs to communicate in multiple languages. FreeSpeech is a semantic map of pictures that represent words. These words are linked together in pairs of question/answer relationships and have pictorial markers for tense, numbers, etc. applied on top of them. The structure's stated aim was to capture 'meaning' rather than 'surface form' of language and then use a set of algorithms to generate grammatical English out of it.FreeSpeech is language-independent, meaning it uses pictures of objects, actions, and even abstract ideas like the past tense, instead of English words like "I" or "eat". Some shown on the TED talk include a bowl of soup, a person talking, and a small clock with an arrow pointing backwards to signify the past tense of a verb.
FreeSpeech was tested widely among children with special needs such as autism and language impairments to teach them grammar. It is also used by children in the deaf community to learn literacy—a task complicated by the unique grammatical structure of American Sign Language, which is very different from English.
Beyond applications in disability, the Indian government was in talks to license this program to use in some of its schools to teach English, through the Aakash tablet project.
Avaz
In 2010, Ajit invented Avaz. Avaz is an alternative and augmentative communication device. It works by generating speech from limited muscle movements like that from the head or hand, and is used by people with speech disorders, such as cerebral palsy, autism, intellectual disability, and aphasia.Avaz was widely used in India as a communication device and was subsequently converted into an app for the iPad and Android devices. For his invention of Avaz, Ajit received the National Award for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities in 2010, from the President of India.
MIT TR35
In 2011, Ajit was named the MIT TR35 "Innovator of the Year" for India. His citation for the award mentioned his work on low-cost speech generating devices:In 2012, Ajit was named to the global MIT TR35 list, alongside Groupon founder Andrew Mason and Microsoft Photosynth inventor Noah Snavely: