50th United States Congress
The 50th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States [House of Representatives]. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1887, to March 4, 1889, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's first presidency. The president List of [United States presidential vetoes|vetoed] 212 pieces of legislation, the greatest number in a single session of Congress.
The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- March 11, 1888: The Great Blizzard of 1888 begins along the East Coast of [the United States], shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
- November 6, 1888: 1888 United States presidential election: Democratic Party incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the popular vote, but loses the Electoral College vote to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison, therefore losing the election.
- February 15, 1889: The Secretary of Agriculture is raised to a Cabinet-level position.
Major legislation
- October 8, 1888: Chinese Exclusion Act
- January 14, 1889: Nelson Act of 1889
- February 22, 1889: Enabling Act of 1889, Sess. 2, ch. 180,
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.Leadership
Senate
- President of [the United States Senate|President]: Vacant
- President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls
- Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John G. Carlisle
- Minority Leader: Thomas B. Reed
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Samuel S. Cox
- Republican Conference Chairman: Joseph Gurney Cannon
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: John E. Kenna
Members
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1888; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.Georgia">List of United States senators from Georgia">Georgia
Maryland">List of United States senators from Maryland">Maryland
New Hampshire">List of United States senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
House of Representatives
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.Georgia">List of United States representatives from Georgia">Georgia
Maryland">List of United States representatives from Maryland">Maryland
New Hampshire">List of United States representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
South Carolina">List of United States representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.Senate
- Replacements: 1
- * Democratic: no net change
- * Republican: no net change
- * Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss
- Deaths: 0
- Resignations: 1
- Interim appointments: 1
- Total seats with changes: 2
| State | Vacated by | Reason for vacancy | Subsequent | Date of successor's installation |
| West Virginia | Vacant | Filled vacancy in term. | Charles J. Faulkner | May 5, 1887 |
| Florida | Vacant | Filled vacancy in term. | Samuel Pasco | May 19, 1887 |
| New Hampshire | Person C. Cheney | Successor was elected June 14, 1887 | William E. Chandler | June 14, 1887 |
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 8
- * Democratic: no net change
- * Republican: no net change
- Deaths: 4
- Resignations: 5
- Contested election: 0
- '''Total seats with changes: 8'''
Committees
Senate
- Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Canadian Relations
- Census
- Centennial of the Constitution and the Discovery of America
- Civil Service and Retrenchment
- Civil Service Operations
- Claims
- Coast Defenses
- Commerce
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Engrossed Bills
- Enrolled Bills
- Epidemic Diseases
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service
- Executive Departments Methods
- Expenditures of Public Money
- Finance
- Fisheries
- Foreign Relations
- Fishing Bounties and Allowances
- Five Civilized Tribes of Indians
- Government Printing Office
- Indian Affairs
- Indian Traders
- Interstate Commerce
- Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands
- Judiciary
- Library
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Mississippi River and its Tributaries
- Naval Affairs
- Nicaraguan Claims
- Pacific Railway Commission
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Potomac River Front
- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railroads
- Revision of the Laws
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
- Tariff Regulation
- Territories
- Transportation and Sale of Meat Products
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
- Whole
- Woman Suffrage
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic
- American Ship building
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Education
- Elections
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Invalid Pensions
- Judiciary
- Labor
- Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River
- Library
- Manufactures
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Pacific Railroads
- Patents
- Pensions
- Printing
- Private Land Claims
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Revision of Laws
- Rivers and Harbors
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Conditions of Indian Tribes
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- To Investigate Work on the Washington Aqueduct Tunnel
- The Library
- Printing
Caucuses
Administrative officers
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress">Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
- Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
- Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict
Senate
- Chaplain: John G. Butler
- Secretary: Anson G. McCook
- Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
- Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady