103rd United States Congress
The 103rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States [House of Representatives]. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1993, to January 3, 1995, during the final weeks of George H. W. Bush's presidency and in the first two years of Bill Clinton's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
This is the most recent Congress to have a Democratic senator from Texas, Bob Krueger, who lost election to finish Lloyd Bentsen's term in 1993. Along with two Democratic senators from the state of Tennessee, Jim Sasser and Harlan Mathews. Jim Sasser lost re-election and Harlan Mathews retired in 1994. In addition, a Democratic senator from the state of Oklahoma, David Boren, resigned in the final weeks of the Congress.
Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority, and with Bill Clinton being sworn in as president on January 20, 1993, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 96th Congress in 1979.
Major events
- January 20, 1993: Bill Clinton became 42nd President of the United States.
- February 17, 1993: President Clinton addressed a joint session of Congress
- February 26, 1993: Trade Center bombing">United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade">Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a van bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center exploded, killing 6 and injuring over 1,000.
- February 28, 1993: Waco siege: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raided the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, with a warrant to arrest leader David Koresh on federal firearms violations. Four agents and 5 Davidians died in the raid.
- April 19, 1993: Waco siege: The 51-day standoff ended with a fire that killed 76 people, including Koresh.
- September 22, 1993: President Clinton addressed a joint session of Congress to promote health care reform.
- October 3, 1993: Operation Gothic Serpent: In Mogadishu, Somalia, two U.S. Army UH-60 Blackhawks were shot down and the operation left over 1000 Somalis dead and over 73 Americans WIA, 19 KIA, and 1 captured.
- January 17, 1994: 1994 Northridge earthquake: A magnitude 6.7 quake hit the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m., killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless.
- February 22, 1994: Aldrich Ames and his wife were arrested for spying for the Soviet Union.
- February 28, 1994: 4 United States fighter jets shot down 4 Serbian jets over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violating Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone.
- September 19, 1994: Operation Uphold Democracy: American troops staged a bloodless invasion of Haiti to restore the elected president to power.
- October 1, 1994: Palau achieved independence and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
- November 8, 1994: Republican Revolution: The Republican Party won control of both the House and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secured control of both houses of Congress.
Major legislation
- February 5, 1993: Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993,,
- May 20, 1993: National Voter Registration Act of 1993,,
- August 10, 1993: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993,,
- September 21, 1993: AmeriCorps,,
- November 16, 1993: Religious Freedom Restoration Act,,
- November 30, 1993: Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act,, title I,
- November 30, 1993: Don't ask, don't tell,,
- December 8, 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act,,
- December 17, 1993: FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993,,
- May 26, 1994: Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act,,
- September 13, 1994: Violent Crime Control and [Law Enforcement Act],,
- September 29, 1994: Riegle–Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994
- October 20, 1994: Improving America's Schools Act of 1994,
- October 25, 1994 Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act October 25 Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994, Pub. L. 10
- October 31, 1994 California Desert Protection Act of 1994,
- November 2, 1994 Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994
Leadership
Senate
- President of [the United States Senate|President]: Dan Quayle, until January 20, 1993
- * Al Gore, from January 20, 1993
- President pro tempore: Robert Byrd
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader and Policy Committee Chairman: George Mitchell
- Majority Whip: Wendell Ford
- Senatorial Campaign Committee Chair: Bob Graham
- Democratic Caucus Secretary: David Pryor
- Policy Committee Co-Chair: Harry Reid
- Chief Deputy Whip: John Breaux
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Bob Dole
- Minority Whip: Alan Simpson
- Republican Conference Chairman: Thad Cochran
- Policy Committee Chairman: Don Nickles
- Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Trent Lott
- National Senatorial Committee Chair: Phil Gramm
House of Representatives
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Dick Gephardt
- Majority Whip: David Bonior
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Steny Hoyer
- Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Vic Fazio
- Deputy Majority Whips: Barbara Kennelly, Butler Derrick, John Lewis, & Bill Richardson
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Bob Michel
- Minority Whip: Newt Gingrich
- Chief Deputy Whip: Bob Walker
- Republican Conference Chairman: Dick Armey
- Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Bill McCollum
- Republican Conference Secretary: Tom DeLay
- Policy Committee Chairman: Henry Hyde
- Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bill Paxon
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1994; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1996; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1998.Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware
Kansas">List of United States senators from Kansas">Kansas
Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
West Virginia">List of United States senators from West Virginia">West Virginia
House of Representatives
Delaware">United States congressional delegations from Delaware">Delaware
Kansas">United States congressional delegations from Kansas">Kansas
Mississippi">United States congressional delegations from Mississippi">Mississippi
New York">United States congressional delegations from New York">New York
South Carolina">United States congressional delegations from South Carolina">South Carolina
West Virginia">United States congressional delegations from West Virginia">West Virginia
Committees
Senate
- Aging (Special)
- Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">United States House Committee on Agriculture">Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
- * Agricultural Credit
- * Agricultural Production and Stabilization of Prices
- * Agricultural Research, Conservation, Forestry and General Legislation
- * Domestic and Foreign Marketing and Product Promotion
- * Nutrition and Investigations
- * Rural Development and Rural Electrification
- Appropriations
- * Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- * Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
- * Defense
- * District of Columbia
- * Energy and Water Development
- * Foreign Operations
- * Interior and Related Agencies
- * Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
- * Legislative Branch
- * Military Construction
- * Transportation and Related Agencies
- * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- * VA-HUD-Independent Agencies
- Armed Services
- * Nuclear Deterrence, Arms Control and Defense Intelligence
- * Coalition Defense and Reinforcing Forces
- * Regional Defense and Contingency Forces
- * Defense Technology, Acquisition and Industrial Base
- * Military Readiness
- * Force Requirements and Personnel
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
- * Housing and Urban Affairs
- * International Finance and Monetary Policy
- * Securities
- * Economic Stabilization and Rural Development
- Budget
- Commerce, Science and Transportation
- * Aviation
- * Communications
- * Consumer
- * Foreign Commerce and Tourism
- * Merchant Marine
- * Science, Technology and Space
- * Surface Transportation
- * National Ocean Policy Study
- Energy and Natural Resources
- * Energy Research and Development
- * Mineral Resources Development and Production
- * Public Lands, National Parks and Forests
- * Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Competitiveness
- * Water and Power
- Environment and Public Works
- * Water Resources, Transportation, Public Buildings and Economic Development
- * Superfund, Recycling and Solid Waste Management
- * Toxic Substances, Research and Development
- * Clean Water, Fisheries and Wildlife
- * Clean Air and Nuclear Regulation
- Ethics (Select)
- Finance
- * Finance Subcommittee on Deficits, Debt Management and Long-Term Economic Growth|Deficits, Debt Management and Long-Term Economic Growth]
- * Energy and Agricultural Taxation
- * Health for Families and the Uninsured
- * International Trade
- * Medicare and Long Term Care
- * Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service|Private Retirement Plans and Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service]
- * Social Security and Family Policy
- * Taxation
- Foreign Relations
- * International Economic Policy, Trade, Oceans and Environment
- * Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs
- * Terrorism, Narcotics and International Communications
- * African Affairs
- * European Affairs
- * Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- * East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- Governmental Affairs
- * Federal Services, Post Office and Civil Service
- * General Services, Federalism and the District of Columbia
- * Oversight of Government Management
- * Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- * Regulation and Government Information
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- * Antitrust, Monopolies and Business Rights
- * Constitution
- * Courts and Administration Practice
- * Immigration and Refugee Affairs
- * Juvenile Justice
- * Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks
- * Technology and the Law
- Intelligence (Select)
- Labor and Human Resources
- * Labor
- * Education, Arts and Humanities
- * Employment and Productivity
- * Disability Policy
- * Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism
- * Aging
- Rules and Administration
- Small Business
- * Competitiveness, Capital Formation and Economic Opportunity
- * Export Expansion and Agricultural Development
- * Government Contracting and Paperwork Reduction
- * Innovation, Technology and Productivity
- * Rural Economy and Family Farming
- * Urban and Minority-Owned Business Development
- Veterans' Affairs
House of Representatives
- Agriculture
- * General Farm Commodities
- * Livestock
- * Specialty Crops and Natural Resources
- * Department Operations and Nutrition
- * Environment, Credit and Rural Development
- * Foreign Agriculture and Hunger
- Appropriations
- * Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- * Defense
- * District of Columbia
- * Energy and Water Development
- * Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs
- * Interior
- * Labor, Health, Human Services, Education and Related Agencies
- * Legislative
- * Military Construction
- * Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- * Transportation
- * Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- * VA, HUD and Independent Agencies
- Armed Services
- * Military Acquisition
- * Research and Development
- * Readiness
- * Military Forces and Personnel
- * Military Installations and Facilities
- * Oversight and Investigations
- Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
- * Housing and Community Development
- * Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Deposit Insurance
- * International Development, Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy
- * Economic Growth and Credit Formation
- * Consumer Credit and Insurance
- * General Oversight, Investigations and the Resolution of Failed Financial Institutions
- Budget
- District of Columbia
- * Fiscal Affairs and Health
- * Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs
- * Judiciary and Education
- Education and Labor
- * Postsecondary Education and Training
- * Labor Standards, Occupational Health and Safety
- * Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
- * Labor-Management Relations
- * Human Resources
- * Select Education and Rights
- Energy and Commerce
- * Oversight and Investigations
- * Health and the Environment
- * Energy and Power
- * Telecommunications and Finance
- * Transportation and Hazardous Materials
- * Commerce, Transportation and Competitiveness
- Foreign Affairs
- * Europe and the Middle East
- * Economic Policy, Trade and Environment
- * International Security, International Organizations and Human Rights
- * Western Hemisphere Affairs
- * International Operations
- * Asia and the Pacific
- * Africa
- Government Operations
- * Legislation and National Security
- * Environment, Energy and Natural Resources
- * Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations
- * Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
- * Information, Justice, Transportation and Agriculture
- * Employment, Housing and Aviation
- House Administration
- * Elections
- * Libraries and Memorials
- * Office Systems
- * Accounts
- * Personnel and Police
- * Administrative Oversight
- Judiciary
- * Economic and Commercial Law
- * Civil and Constitutional Rights
- * Intellectual Property and Judicial Administration
- * Crime and Criminal Justice
- * Administrative Law and Governmental Relations
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- * Merchant Marine
- * Environment and Natural Resources
- * Fisheries Management
- * Oceanography, Gulf of Mexico and the Outer Continental Shelf
- * Coast Guard and Navigation
- Natural Resources
- * Oversight and Investigations
- * Native American Affairs
- * National Parks, Forests and Public Lands
- * Insular and International Affairs
- * Energy and Mineral Resources
- Post Office and Civil Service
- * Oversight and Investigations
- * Civil Service
- * Census, Statistics and Portal Personnel
- * Compensation and Employee Benefits
- * Postal Operations and Services
- Public Works and Transportation
- * Aviation
- * Economic Development
- * Investigations and Oversight
- * Public Buildings and Grounds
- * Surface Transportation
- * Water Resources and Environment
- Rules
- * Rules of the House
- * Legislative Process
- Science, Space and Technology
- * Energy
- * Space
- * Technology, Environment and Aviation
- * Science
- * Investigations and Oversight
- Small Business
- * SBA Legislation and the General Economy
- * Regulation, Business Opportunities and Technology
- * Procurement, Taxation and Tourism
- * Minority Enterprise, Finance and Urban Development
- * Rural Enterprises, Exports and the Environment
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Veterans' Affairs
- * Education, Training and Employment
- * Compensation, Pension and Insurance
- * Oversight and Investigations
- * Hospitals and Health Care
- * Housing and Memorial Affairs
- Ways and Means
- * Trade
- * Oversight
- * Select Revenue Measures
- * Health
- * Social Security
- * Human Resources
- Whole
Joint
Caucuses
- Armenian Caucus
- Biomedical Research Caucus
- Blue Dog Coalition
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
- Congressional Automotive Caucus
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans
- Congressional Caucus on Korea
- Congressional Fire Services Caucus
- Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
- Congressional Progressive Caucus
- Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
- Congressional Western Caucus
- Congresswomen's Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
- Law Enforcement Caucus
- Northern Border Caucus
- Senate Democratic Caucus
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress">Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: George Malcolm White
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Robert Krasner, until 1994
- * John F. Eisold, from 1994
- Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Robert D. Reischauer
- Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
- Public Printer of the United States: Robert Houk, until 1993
- * Michael F. DiMario, from 1993
Senate
- Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson
- Curator: James R. Ketchum
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Alan Frumin
- Secretary: Walter J. Stewart, until April 15, 1994
- * Martha S. Pope, from April 15, 1994
- Librarian: Roger K. Haley
- Secretary for the Majority: C. Abbott Saffold
- Secretary for the Minority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
- Sergeant at Arms: Martha S. Pope, until April 14, 1994
- * Robert L. Benoit, from April 15, 1994
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James David Ford
- Clerk: Donnald K. Anderson
- Director of Non-Legislative and Financial Services: Leonard P. Wishart III, until January 1994
- * Randall B. Medlock, from January 1994
- Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
- Historian: Ray Smock
- Reading Clerks:
- * Meg Goetz
- * Bob Berry along with Paul Hays
- Parliamentarian: William H. Brown, until September 16, 1994
- * Charles W. Johnson III, from September 16, 1994
- Sergeant at Arms: Werner W. Brandt
- Inspector General: John W. Lainhart IV