Work permit
A work permit or work visa is the permission to take a job within a foreign country. The foreign country where someone seeks to obtain a work permit for is also known as the "country of work", as opposed to the "country of origin" where someone holds citizenship or nationality.
Australia
Several different types of visas are available for immigrants, including skilled migration visas, family reunion visas, student visas, and humanitarian visas.European Union
Currently, every EU country has a different process for granting work permits to nationals of non-EU countries. To address this issue, the European Commission began work in 1999 on developing an EU-wide process for the entry of non-EU nationals into the work force. In October 2007, they adopted a proposal to introduce a work permit similar to the United States' "Green Card" program, called the "Blue Card". It is similar to the UK's Highly Skilled Migrant Programme, with the exception that it will require an employment contract in place prior to migration. After two years in the first country, the migrant will be allowed to move and work in another EU country, and can sum the number of years spent in the EU for purposes of residency. This new card will abolish work permits across the EU and centralize the issuing from Brussels.Belgium
Czech Republic
The issuing of work permit in the Czech Republic is governed by three basic sources: labor code, Act No. 435/2004 Coll. On employment and Act no. 326/1999 Coll. On the residence of foreign nationals. There are various rights and obligations depending on nationality.France
A foreigner seeking to work in France must obtain work authorization with a visa, a residence permit or a special document by the government.Germany
The Employment Ordinance governs the admission of newly arriving foreigners as employees for entry and the exercise of employment. Permission is generally granted only for the activities specified in the Besch,.Poland
A work permit in Poland is issued for a specified period of time, not longer than 3 years. If a foreigner serves on the management board of a legal person which, as at the date of submitting the application, employs more than 25 people, the voivode may issue a work permit for a period not longer than 5 year.Work permits are issued by the relevant voivode based on an employer’s application and are specific to the position, employer, and location.
A foreigner cannot begin employment until the permit is granted, unless exempt under specific legal provisions.
A foreigner may apply for a national work visa at a Polish consulate in their home country on the basis of a valid work permit issued by the voivode.
United Kingdom
There are seven standard ways to apply for a work permit in the United Kingdom: the Business and Commercial Arrangements, the Training and Work Experience Arrangements, the Sports people and Entertainers Arrangements, Student Internships, GATS, Ancestry Visa and the Sectors Based Scheme. All applications require the work permit holder to leave the country where the work permit was issued every three months under the Work Permit Arrangements. Costs for leaving the airport are £64, per person and you must return to the airport after 24 hours or one working day to leave the country. If you remain in the airport the cost is £35 per person and you must leave the country after 24 hours or one working day in the airport. Each of these involves its own application process, and generally requires a job offer from a UK employer.The UK work permit system is currently being replaced by a new points-based immigration system based on tiers for skilled workers.
Russia
According to the Federal Migration Service of Russia estimates, in Russia today there are 5 million working foreign nationals.In order to work in Russia, foreign citizens must have a work visa to obtain a work permit and get on migration registration in the Russian Federal Migration Service bodies.
For foreign citizens arriving without visas there is a simplified procedure. The period of temporary stay for them is 90 days, but can be extended up to one year from the date of entry into the Russian Federation on presentation of the migration service of the employment contract or a contract of civil-legal nature. That is, a foreigner can obtain a work permit for up to 90 days, and then to extend it after the job. However, it is recommended to immediately impose a labor or civil contract and to issue a work permit for the duration of its validity.
Issuance of work permits is carried out taking into account the established quota. The quota is divided by region, Russia and the integrated vocational qualification groups.
A work permit is divided to some categories:
- Qualified professionals are employed by their existing profession, included in the approved list of professions ;
- Highly qualified professionals engaged in labor activity in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Federal Law "On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation."
Ukraine
Foreigners and stateless persons can be employed in Ukraine after obtaining an appropriate permit. These requirements are established by article 42 of the Law of Ukraine "On Employment". State Employment Service of Ukraine is the main authority to issue work permit.Does not require obtaining a work permit for:
- foreigners who have residence permit in Ukraine;
- refugees;
- foreigners who have permission to immigrate to Ukraine;
- foreigners who are recognized as persons in need of additional protection, or who are granted temporary protection in Ukraine;
- representatives of foreign maritime fleet and airlines that serve such companies on the territory of Ukraine;
- employees of foreign media who are accredited to work in Ukraine;
- professional athletes, artists and art workers to work in Ukraine;
- workers of emergency services for urgent work;
- employees of foreign representative office that are registered in the territory of Ukraine in accordance with the procedure established by the law;
- ecclesiastic who are to reside in Ukraine temporarily for canonical activity only in such religious organization;
- foreigners who arrived in Ukraine to participate in the implementation of international technical assistance projects;
- foreigners who arrived in Ukraine to conduct teaching and / or scientific activities in higher education institutions;
- other foreigners in cases provided by laws and international treaties of Ukraine;
- Foreign Ukrainians, as long as they hold a Foreign Ukrainian ID Booklet.
United States
The federal government of the United States does not require work permits or proof-of-age certificates for a minor to be employed. However, the possession of an age certificate constitutes a good faith effort to comply with minimum age requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The United States Department of Labor will issue a "certificate of age" if the minor employee's state does not issue them, or if the minor is requested by his or her employer to provide one. Several states are not listed in, such as Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, and Utah, and thus their certificates may not meet the requirements of as being evidence of compliance with the Fair Labor Standards Act.
Many states also require them for workers of certain ages. In some states, for example New Jersey, permits are only required for minors 14 and 15 years old, while others such as Massachusetts require, at least in theory, work permits for all minors until they turn 18 years of age. In some states, enforcement is strict. Permits are usually issued through the school system the minor attends, and typically at a minimum is conditioned on enrollment in high school with regular attendance. Some states such as New York and Indiana require high school students with part-time jobs to maintain a certain grade point average. Minors who are working are usually restricted in the number of hours each day or week they are permitted to work as well as the types of jobs they may hold.
Turkey
The immigration in Turkey is regulated by the under the supervision of the Ministry of Interior while work permits are delivered by the under the supervision of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security. All applications for both residence permit and work permit are made through online government portals. The residence permit application is made through " "e-Residence" while application are made through e-Government .South Africa
The South African Immigration Act, as amended, and which came into effect on 26 May 2014, makes provision for three different categories of work visas that a foreigner may apply for to work in South Africa. These are the General Work Visa, the Critical Skills Work Visa, and the Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa.General Work Visa –
This work visa is based on an offer of employment from a South African prospective employer. The employer must apply to the Department of Labour for a certification that confirms to the Department of Home Affairs whether there exist suitably qualified South African candidates for the position and that the foreign applicant possesses the necessary skills and qualifications. Once the DOL has concluded its mandate and conveyed its certification, the visa application is filed. The DHA will approve or refuse a general work visa application based on compliance with statutory requirements.
Critical Skills Work Visa –
A Critical Skills Work Visa may be issued to a foreign national based on educational qualifications and/or professional experience for up to 5 years if supported by a contract of employment, or for 1 year if not. Skills that are recognised as critical for immigration purposes are listed in the Critical Skills List, published in the Government Gazette. Each skill is associated with a specific sector of employment and may require registration with a SAQA-recognised professional body.
Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa –
An Intra-Company Transfer work visa is issued to a foreigner who has been employed by a foreign entity for at least 6 months and is transferred to a South African branch, subsidiary, or associate office. A skills transfer plan must accompany the application. This visa is valid for up to 4 years and cannot be renewed or changed from within South Africa. It also does not qualify the holder for permanent residency status.