21st United States Congress
The 21st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.
Major events
- March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson became 7th President of the United States
- May 10–14, 1830: Confrontational meetings between the French Chargé d'affaires in Washington DC and a group of leaders consisting of Mark Alexander, William S. Archer, Robert H. Adams, Thomas Hinds, Dixon H. Lewis, Clement Comer Clay, Powhatan Ellis and John McKinley grew incredibly contentious and hostile. Arguments began when the aforementioned representatives and senators charged that France owed the United States reparations from damages incurred during the Quasi-War. At one point Thomas Hinds threatened the French Chargé d'affaires with a pistol. Eventually, only intervention by John Forsyth prevented a major diplomatic incident. Shortly after this the governor of Virginia John Floyd formally asked France's economic attaché to leave Virginia. This foreshadowed conflict with France over the same issue that would dominate American politics in 1835, at that point the main instigator on the American side would be President Andrew Jackson.
- May 28 - US congress passes the Indian Removal Act.
- September 27 - Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek with Choctaw nation.
Major legislation
- May 28, 1830: Indian Removal Act, ch. 148,
Not enacted
- May 27, 1830: Maysville Road Bill vetoed
Treaties
- September 27, 1830: The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty after the passage of the Indian Removal Act, is signed with the Choctaw.
- February 24, 1831: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek proclaimed.
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
- President: John C. Calhoun
- President pro tempore: Samuel Smith
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Andrew Stevenson
Members
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1830.[List of [United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]
Connecticut">List of United States senators from Connecticut">Connecticut
Delaware">List of United States senators from Delaware">Delaware
Georgia">List of United States senators from Georgia">Georgia
Illinois">List of United States senators from Illinois">Illinois
Indiana">List of United States senators from Indiana">Indiana
Kentucky">List of United States senators from Kentucky">Kentucky
Louisiana">List of United States senators from Louisiana">Louisiana
Maine">List of United States senators from Maine">Maine
Maryland">List of United States senators from Maryland">Maryland
Massachusetts">List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
Mississippi">List of United States senators from Mississippi">Mississippi
Missouri">List of United States senators from Missouri">Missouri
New Hampshire">List of United States senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
New Jersey">List of United States senators from New Jersey">New Jersey
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
North Carolina">List of United States senators from North Carolina">North Carolina
Ohio">List of United States senators from Ohio">Ohio
Pennsylvania">List of United States senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
Rhode Island">List of United States senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
South Carolina">List of United States senators from South Carolina">South Carolina
Tennessee">List of United States senators from Tennessee">Tennessee
Vermont">List of United States senators from Vermont">Vermont
Virginia">List of United States senators from Virginia">Virginia
House of Representatives
Representatives are listed by their districts.[List of [United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]
Connecticut">List of United States representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Delaware">List of United States representatives from Delaware">Delaware
Georgia">List of United States representatives from Georgia">Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Illinois">List of United States representatives from Illinois">Illinois
Indiana">List of United States representatives from Indiana">Indiana
Kentucky">List of United States representatives from Kentucky">Kentucky
Louisiana">List of United States representatives from Louisiana">Louisiana
Maine">List of United States representatives from Maine">Maine
Maryland">List of United States representatives from Maryland">Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.Massachusetts">List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Massachusetts
Mississippi">List of United States representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi
Missouri">List of United States representatives from Missouri">Missouri
New Hampshire">List of United States representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.New Jersey">List of United States representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York
There were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.North Carolina">List of United States representatives from North Carolina">North Carolina
Ohio">List of United States representatives from Ohio">Ohio
Pennsylvania">List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.Rhode Island">List of United States representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.South Carolina">List of United States representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina
Tennessee">List of United States representatives from Tennessee">Tennessee
Vermont">List of United States representatives from Vermont">Vermont
Virginia">List of United States representatives from Virginia">Virginia
Non-voting members
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.Senate
- Replacements: 4
- * Jacksonians : no net change
- * National Republicans : no net change
- Deaths: 4
- Resignations: 4
- Interim appointments: 1
- '''Total seats with changes: 7'''
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 5
- * Jacksonians : 1 seat net loss
- * National Republicans : 1 seat net gain
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 10
- Contested election: 2
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.Senate
- Accounts of James Monroe
- Agriculture
- Amending the Constitution on the Election of the President and Vice President
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Claims
- Commerce
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States
- District of Columbia
- Dueling
- Engrossed Bills
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- French Spoilations
- Impeachment of James H. Peck
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Memorial of the Manufacturers Iron
- Mileage of Members of Congress
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Nomination of Amos Kendall
- Pensions
- Post Office Department
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Public Lands
- Roads and Canals
- Tariff Regulation
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- American Colonization Society
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Military Pensions
- Naval Affairs
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Revolutionary Claims
- Revolutionary Pensions
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills
- The Library