List of systemically important banks
Certain large banks are tracked and labelled by several authorities as Systemically Important Financial Institutions, depending on the scale and the degree of influence they hold in global and domestic financial markets.
Since 2011, the Financial Stability Board has published a list of global SIFIs, while individual countries also maintain their own lists of Domestic Systemically Important Banks, also known in Europe as "national SIFIs". In addition, special lists of regional systemically important banks also exist. The European Central Bank has separate criteria to designate credit institutions as "significant" under the framework of European Banking Supervision.
Background
In 2009, as a regulatory response to the revealed vulnerability of the banking sector in the 2008 financial crisis, and attempting to come up with a solution to solve the "too big to fail" interdependence between G-SIFIs and the economy of sovereign states, the Financial Stability Board started to develop a method to identify G-SIFIs to which a set of stricter requirements would apply. The first publication of some leaked unofficial G-SIFI lists, during a time when the FSB identification method was still being tested and subject for subsequent adjustments, took place in November 2009 and November 2010. The first official version of the G-SIFI list was published by FSB in November 2011. The established nomenclature G-SIFI was supplemented and in large part replaced by the idea of a Global Systemically Important Bank and has ever since been updated each year in November. This G-SIB list is the first one shown below.All G-SIBs and D-SIBs with headquarters in the US and Europe are required each year to submit an updated emergency Resolution Plan to their Financial Supervision Authority. Basel III also requires that all identified G-SIBs no later than March 2018, shall operate with a minimum total capital adequacy ratio comprising:
- Max. 2% Tier 2 capital.
- High quality Tier 1 capital. This requirement towards G-SIBs depend on an indicator-based measure of size, interconnectedness, complexity, non-substitutibility and global reach, elevating it to be 1.0% or 1.5% or 2.0% or 2.5% or 3.5% higher, compared to the similar Basel III capital requirement at 7% towards banks not contained on the list.
- Max. 1.5% Additional Tier 1 capital.
The second set of lists, further below, includes all those financial institutions having been identified as systemically important by a national regulator, the so-called D-SIBs. For the United States, this list include all those financial institutions not being big enough for G-SIB status, but still with high enough domestic systemically importance making them subject to the most stringent annual Stress Test by the Federal Reserve.
In 2013, the EU also adopted a regulation to identify all Domestic SIBs within each member state of the European Economic Area, which after a phase-in during 2015–18, then shall comply with some even higher total capital adequacy ratio requirements – in accordance with how systemically important they are. Beside of expanding the SIB list, so that it now both include G-SIBs and D-SIBs, the regulation also ensure that all European G-SIBs, will face some higher capital adequacy ratio requirements compared to those required by the FSB.
Both Basel III and the EU regulation, also introduced a potential counter-cyclical capital ratio buffer, which can be enforced by national authorities on top of the noted total capital adequacy ratios, with demands of up till 2.5% extra Common Equity Tier 1 capital towards all financial institutions, during years where the total lending in the specific nation starts to grow faster than the national GDP.
List of Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs)
| Tier | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Buffer | 1.0% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 2.5% | 3.5% |
| Tier | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 |
| 5 | ||||
| 4 | JP Morgan Chase | JP Morgan Chase | JP Morgan Chase | JP Morgan Chase |
| 3 | Bank of America Citigroup HSBC ICBC | Citigroup HSBC | Bank of America Citigroup HSBC | Bank of America Citigroup HSBC |
| 2 | Agricultural Bank of China Bank of China Barclays BNP Paribas China Construction Bank Goldman Sachs Group Crédit Agricole MUFG UBS | Agricultural Bank of China Bank of America Bank of China Barclays BNP Paribas China Construction Bank Crédit Agricole Deutsche Bank Goldman Sachs ICBC MUFG UBS | Agricultural Bank of China Bank of China Barclays BNP Paribas China Construction Bank Deutsche Bank Goldman Sachs ICBC MUFG UBS | Bank of China Barclays BNP Paribas Deutsche Bank Goldman Sachs ICBC MUFG |
| 1 | Bank of Communications Bank of New York Mellon Deutsche Bank Groupe BPCE ING Mizuho FG Morgan Stanley Royal Bank of Canada Banco Santander Société Générale Standard Chartered State Street Sumitomo Mitsui Toronto-Dominion Bank Wells Fargo | Bank of Communications Bank of New York Mellon Groupe BPCE ING Mizuho FG Morgan Stanley Royal Bank of Canada Banco Santander Société Générale Standard Chartered State Street Sumitomo Mitsui Toronto-Dominion Bank Wells Fargo | Bank of Communications Bank of New York Mellon Groupe BPCE Crédit Agricole ING Mizuho FG Morgan Stanley Royal Bank of Canada Banco Santander Société Générale Standard Chartered State Street Sumitomo Mitsui Toronto-Dominion Bank Wells Fargo | Agricultural Bank of China Bank of New York Mellon China Construction Bank Credit Suisse Groupe BPCE Crédit Agricole ING Mizuho FG Morgan Stanley Royal Bank of Canada Banco Santander Société Générale Standard Chartered State Street Sumitomo Mitsui Toronto-Dominion Bank UBS UniCredit Wells Fargo |
| Entity | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 |
 increaseincreaseLists of Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs)D-SIBs in the USFor the United States, the D-SIB include those financial institutions not being big enough for G-SIB status, but still with high enough domestic systemically importance making them subject to the most stringent annual Stress Test by the Federal Reserve. Strictly speaking, the Financial Stability Oversight Council does not designate any banks or bank holding companies as systemically important, but the Dodd–Frank Act in its terms on the statute imposes heightened supervision standards on any bank holding company with a larger than $50 billion balance sheet. Despite the lack of any official D-SIB designation, the banks being subject to the USA Stress Test can be considered to be D-SIBs in the US. The group of banks being stress tested was identical throughout 2009–2013, except for MetLife Bank ceasing its banking and mortgage lending activities in 2012 – and therefore subsequently leaving the group of supervised entities. In 2014 the stress test was expanded from 18 to 30 banks, as a result of a phase-in of the provisions of the Board's Dodd–Frank Act stress test rules, only making the additional 12 entities subject to this stress test starting from 2014.All G-SIBs and D-SIBs with headquarters in the US are not only required to comply with some stricter capital ratio requirements but also required to submit an updated emergency Resolution Plan each year to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
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US