Ten Wings


The Ten Wings is a collection of commentaries to the classical Chinese Book of Changes traditionally ascribed to Confucius, though they were likely composed by later scholars. These writings represent the earliest known interpretations of the 周易 Zhōuyì, the Bronze Age divination manual underlying the Book of Changes . By offering philosophical and moral insights, the Ten Wings transformed the text from a practical guide for divination into a profound treatise on metaphysics, ethics, and cosmology.
The Ten Wings consist of the following commentaries on the Book of Changes :
  1. 彖傳 Tuàn Zhuàn, or First Commentary on the Judgment 彖上傳 Tuàn Shàng Zhuàn
  2. the Second Commentary on the Judgment 彖下傳 Tuàn Xià Zhuàn
  3. 象傳 Xiàng Zhuàn, or First Overall Image 象上傳 Xiàng Shàng Zhuàn
  4. Second Overall Image 象下傳 Xiàng Xià Zhuàn
  5. 繫辭傳 Xìcí Zhuàn, or the First Commentary on the Appended Phrases 繫辭上傳 Xìcí Shàng Zhuàn
  6. Xìcí Xià Zhuàn, its Second Commentary 繫辭下傳
  7. 文言傳 Wényán Zhuàn, Commentary on the Words
  8. 序卦傳 Xùguà Zhuàn, the Sequence of the Hexagrams
  9. 說卦傳 Shuōguà Zhuàn, the Explanation of the Trigrams
  10. 雜卦傳 Záguà Zhuàn, the Assorted or Miscellaneous Hexagrams
Doubts concerning Confucius' authorship of the Wings'' were expressed by Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang during the Northern Song dynasty. They were further consolidated by and Kang Youwei of the Qing dynasty. The 20th-century sinologists provide argumentation for rejection of the traditional creed.