Sulpicia gens


The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, in 500 BC, only nine years after the expulsion of the Tarquins, and the last of the name who appears on the consular list was Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus in AD 158. Although originally patrician, the family also possessed plebeian members, some of whom may have been descended from freedmen of the gens.

Praenomina

The Sulpicii made regular use of only four praenomina: Publius, Servius, Quintus, and Gaius. The only other praenomen appearing under the Republic is Marcus, known from the father of Gaius Sulpicius Peticus, five times consul during the fourth century BC. The last of the Sulpicii known to have held the consulship, in the second century AD, was named Sextus, a praenomen otherwise unknown in this gens.

Branches and cognomina

During the Republic, several branches of the Sulpician gens were identified by numerous cognomina, including Camerinus, Cornutus, Galba, Gallus, Longus, Paterculus, Peticus, Praetextatus, Quirinus, Rufus, and Saverrio. In addition to these cognomina, we meet with some other surnames belonging to freedmen and to other persons under the Empire. On coins we find the surnames Galba, Platorinus, Proclus, and Rufus.
Camerinus was the name of an old patrician family of the Sulpicia gens, which probably derived its name from the ancient town of Cameria or Camerium, in Latium. Many of them bore the agnomen Cornutus, from a Latin adjective meaning "horned". The Camerini frequently held the highest offices in the state in the early times of the Republic; but after 345 BC, when Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus was consul, we do not hear of them again for upwards of three hundred years, till Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus obtained the consulship in AD 9. The family was reckoned one of the noblest in Rome in the early times of the Empire.
The Praetextati appear in the second half of the fifth century BC. The family appears to have been a small one, descended from the Camerini. It probably derived its name from one of several related meanings. Praetextus commonly referred to clothing with a decorative border, and especially to the toga praetexta, a toga with a purple border worn by boys and magistrates. Something veiled or concealed could also be described as praetextatus.
The Sulpicii Longi flourished during the fourth century BC, from the time of the Gallic sack of Rome in 390 to the period of the Samnite Wars. The cognomen Longus may have been bestowed upon the ancestor of this family because he was particularly tall.
The surname Rufus, meaning "red", probably referred to the color of the hair of one of the Sulpicii, and may have begun as a cadet branch of the Camerini, as both cognomina were united in the consul of 345 BC. Several Sulpicii bearing this surname appear towards the end of the Republic, but as some appear to have been patricians and others plebeians, they may have constituted two distinct families.
The Sulpicii Galli or Gali were a family of the second and third centuries BC. Their cognomen may refer to a cock, or to a Gaul. The greatest of this family, Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, was a successful general and statesman, as well as an orator and scholar much admired by Cicero.
The Sulpicii Galbae first came to prominence during the Second Punic War, and remained distinguished until the first century AD, when Servius Sulpicius Galba claimed the title of Emperor. Suetonius gives four possible explanations of this surname: that the first of the family burnt a town he had besieged, using torches smeared with galbanum, a type of gum; or that, chronically ill, he made regular use of a type of remedy wrapped in wool, known as galbeum; or that galba was a Gallic word for someone very fat; or instead that he resembled a galba, a grub or caterpillar. The surname may also share a common root with the adjective galbinus, a greenish-yellow color.

Members

Sulpicii Camerini

  • Publius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, father of the consul of 500 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius P. f. Camerinus Cornutus, consul in 500 BC.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, consul in 490 BC, and one of the ambassadors sent to intercede with Coriolanus.
  • Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Camerinus Cornutus, father of the consul of 461 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Camerinus Cornutus, consul in 461 BC, and one of the Decemvirs of 451. In 446, he commanded the Roman cavalry against the Aequi and Volsci.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Camerinus Cornutus, consular tribune in 402 and 398 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius Q. f. Ser. n. Camerinus, consul suffectus in 393 BC, and consular tribune in 391. He was interrex in 387.
  • Servius Sulpicius Rufus, consular tribune in 388, 384, and 383 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Camerinus, consular tribune in 382, and censor in 380 BC, resigned his office upon the death of his colleague.
  • Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus, consul 345 BC.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus, grandfather of the consul of AD 9.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Camerinus, father of the consul of AD 9.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Q. n. Camerinus, consul in AD 9.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus, consul in AD 46, he was accused of extortion while proconsul of Africa in 59, and shortly afterward put to death by Nero.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Camerinus Pythicus, the son of Peticus, was also put to death under Nero.

    Sulpicii Praetextati

  • Quintus Sulpicius Ser. f. Camerinus Praetextatus, consular tribune in 434 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius Praetextatus, consular tribune in 377, 376, 370, and 368 BC, sometimes confused with his kinsman, Servius Sulpicius Rufus.
  • Sulpicia Praetextata, the wife of Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi, consul in AD 64, is mentioned at the commencement of the reign of Vespasian, AD 70.

    Sulpicii Petici

  • Quintus Sulpicius Peticus, grandfather of the consul of 364 BC.
  • Marcus Sulpicius Q. f. Peticus, father of the consul of 364 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius M. f. Q. n. Peticus, censor in 366, consul in 364, 361, 355, 353, and 351 BC, and dictator in 358.

    Sulpicii Longi

  • Quintus Sulpicius Longus, consular tribune in 390 BC, negotiated with Brennus, and persuaded him to leave Rome.
  • Servius Sulpicius Q. f. Longus, father of the consul of 337 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Q. n. Longus, consul in 337, 323, and 314 BC, and dictator in 312, triumphed over the Samnites.

    Sulpicii Saverriones

  • Publius Sulpicius Saverrio, grandfather of the consul of 304 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius P. f. Saverrio, father of the consul of 304 BC.
  • Publius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Saverrio, consul in 304 and censor in 300 BC, triumphed over the Samnites.
  • Publius Sulpicius P. f. Ser. n. Saverrio, consul in 279 BC, during the war against Pyrrhus.

    Sulpicii Paterculi

  • Quintus Sulpicius Paterculus, grandfather of the consul of 258 BC.
  • Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Paterculus, father of the consul of 258 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Q. f. Q. n. Paterculus, consul in 258 BC, during the First Punic War, triumphed over the Carthaginians in Sicilia.
  • Servius Sulpicius Paterculus, the father of Sulpicia, who dedicated the temple of Venus Verticordia.
  • Sulpicia Ser. f., who married Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, was thought to be the chastest woman in Rome, selected to dedicate the temple of Venus Verticordia in 113 BC.

    Sulpicii Galli

  • Servius Sulpicius Gallus, grandfather of the consul of 243 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Gallus, father of the consul of 243 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Gallus, consul in 243 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Gallus, father of the consul of 166 BC.
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, a great scholar; as consul in 166 BC, triumphed over the Ligures.
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, died at an early age, and his death was borne by his father with great fortitude.
  • Quintus Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, the orphan of the scholar Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, became the ward of his kinsman, Servius Sulpicius Galba, the consul of 144 BC. Publius Rutilius Rufus called Galba's public support for Quintus as a trick to earn sympathy.
  • Galus Sulpicius, consul suffectus in 4 BC, is believed to be a descendant of Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, the consul of 166 BC.
  • Galus Sulpicius, son of the Galus Sulpicius who was consul in 4 BC. He was triumvir monetalis in 5 BC.

    Sulpicii Galbae

  • Publius Sulpicius Galba, grandfather of Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, the consul of 211 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius P. f. Galba, father of Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, the consul of 211 BC.
  • Publius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Galba Maximus, consul in 211 and 200 BC, and dictator in 203.
  • Servius Sulpicius Galba, curule aedile in 208 BC, and afterwards a pontifex, in the place of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Galba, elected pontifex in 202 BC, in place of Titus Manlius Torquatus, but he died circa 199.
  • Servius Sulpicius Galba, as curule aedile in 189 BC, he used the fines collected by his office to dedicate twelve gilt shields in the temple of Hercules. He was praetor urbanus in 187, and an unsuccessful candidate for the consulship in 185.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Galba, praetor urbanus in 171 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Galba, tried for his atrocities against the Lusitani in 150 BC, but was acquitted, and served as consul in 144 BC. Cicero describes him as an orator of no mean talent.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Galba, quaestor in 120 BC, and a pontifex, condemned by the lex Mamilia of 110 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Galba, consul in 108 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius Galba, praetor about 91 BC.
  • Publius Sulpicius Galba, appointed one of the judges in the case of Verres, in 70 BC, afterwards a pontifex and augur. He had been praetor, but the year is uncertain; perhaps 66.
  • Servius Sulpicius Ser. n. Galba, praetor urbanus in 54 BC, and a friend of Caesar, but perhaps also one of the conspirators against him.
  • Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Galba, a minor historian, and grandfather of the emperor Galba; he held the praetorship, but the year is uncertain.
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Galba, father of the emperor Galba, was consul suffectus in 5 BC.
  • Servius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Galba, younger son of the historian Gaius Sulpicius Galba, and uncle of Servius, the emperor.
  • Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Galba, consul in AD 22, brother of the emperor Galba.
  • Servius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Galba, consul in 33, and emperor in AD 69.