Southern Pashto


Southern Pashto is a standard variety of the Pashto language spoken in southeastern Afghanistan, and northern parts of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, comprising the Southwestern and Southeastern dialects of Pashto.

South Western

Kandahārí Pashtó, also known as, Southwestern Pashto, is a Pashto dialect, spoken in southern and western Afghanistan, including the city of Kandahar.
Kandahari Pashto is spoken in Kandahar, Helmand, Ghazni, most of Urozgan, Farah, Faryab and Nimruz, southeastern Ghor, the districts of Murghab, Ghormach, Muqur, and Jawand in Badghis, and parts of Zabul, Paktika, and Herat provinces of Afghanistan. It is also spoken in parts of the provinces of Razavi Khorasan and South Khorasan in Iran, where they numbered roughly 120,000.
It is one of the most archaic varieties of Pashto: the Kandahari dialect retains archaic retroflex sibilants, and . Kandahari also has the affricates and.

Lexical Variation

According to the "Pashto Dialectal Dictionary " published by the Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan the following is noted in Kandahar province:
Standard
معياري
myārí
Meaning
مانا
mānā́
Ghorak
Spin Boldak
Maruf
Arghandab
Panjwayi
Kandahar
آباد/ ودان
ābā́d/wadā́n
populatedابات
abā́t
ابات
abā́t
ابات
abā́t
ابات
abā́t
ابات
abā́t
ابات
abā́t
اپلتې
apláte
absurdityچټيات
čaṭyā́t
چټيات
čaṭyā́t
اپلتې
apláte
ګډې وډې
gaḍé waḍé
ګډې وډې
gaḍé waḍé
ګډې وډې
gaḍé waḍé
اتکړۍ
atkaṛə́i
handcuffsزولنې
zawlané
زولنې
zawlané
زولنې
zawlané
زولنې
zolané
زولنې
zolané
زولنې
zolané
اخېړ
axéṛ
plaster
ګل
gә́l
ګل
gә́l
ګل
gә́l
کاګل
kāgә́l
کاګل
kāgә́l
کاګل
kāgә́l
motherادې
adé
ادې
adé
دادا
dādā́
مور
mor
مور
mor
مور
mor
enmityدښمني
doṣ̌maní
تربورګلوي
tarburgalwí
تربورګلوي
tarburgalwí
دښمني
doṣ̌maní
دښمني
doṣ̌maní
دښمني
doṣ̌maní
ارت
art
wideپېراخه
perāxá
غټ
ğaṭ
پراخ
prāx
پيراخ
pirā́x
پيراخ
pirā́x
پيراخ
pirā́x
اوبدل
obdә́l
to weaveودل
wadә́l
ودل
wadә́l
اودل
odә́l
ودل
wadál
ودل
wadál
ودل
wadál
اوړۀ
oṛә́
flourاوړۀ
oṛә́
اوړۀ
oṛә́
اوړۀ
oṛә́
وړۀ
waṛә́
وړۀ
waṛә́
وړۀ
waṛә́

South Eastern

In the South Eastern dialect, and in South Western sometimes change to ʃ and ʒ. Whilst and are generally pronounced.
Dialectښږڅځژ
Kandahar
Quetta

In all 3rd-person pronouns 'h' is not articulated. And distinction in 'he' and 'she' pronouns is not noted.
Personal pronounKandaharQuettaMeaning
زهI
تهtə, less often təitə, less often təiyou
هغهhağəağəhe
هغهhağeağəshe
موږ/مونږmʊẓ̌mʊž/məžwe
تاسو/تاسېtāse/tāsītāse/tāsīyou
هغویhağwi/hağūiağwi/ağūithey

Kākaṛi

Kākaṛi is classed as Southeastern dialect. The following has been noted:
KākaṛiLiterary PashtoGrammarMeaning
بم
bam
به مې
bə me
bə: future / past habitual marker
me: Weak Oblique 1st Pronoun
Example:
ای د سترګو ديد بم سره کله کږي
āi də stə́rgo did bam sará kə́la káži
Oh when will my eyes' viewing
امۍ
amə́i
ګډا
gaḍā́
Direct Singular Feminine Noundance
راله
rā́la
راغله
rā́ğla
come: Aorist Past 3rd Person Feminine Singular came
سي
si
چې
če
that: Particlethat

Sherani

According to Josef Elfenbein, Sherani Pashto can be classed either as South Western or South Eastern. Word choice can be distinct:

Marwat-Bettani

In Marwat-Bettani the following is noted:
Dialectښږڅځژش
Marwat,

Compare the words
StandardKandaharMarwatMarwatMeaning
رېبځ/re.bəˈd͡z/رېبځbroom
ږمنځږمنځcomb
ژامه/ʒɑˈ.ma/زامبهjaw
مټينګى/maʈinɡaˈi/مټونګىbastard
پروړه/proˈ.ɽa/پروړېstraw
دروزه/d̪ruˈ.za/دروزېhaulm

Comparison with Karlāṇi varieties

Marwatwala agrees with other Karlāṇi varieties in the phonetic change in ښ as .
Example:
YusupzaiMarwatwālaMeaning
ښارښارcity
xāršārcity
ښاديښوديhappiness
xādíšodíhappiness

Rendition of ش

It is noted by Yousuf Khan Jazab, in Marwatwala ش can be rendered as.
Example: