Sigma-ring


In mathematics, a nonempty collection of sets is called a -ring if it is closed under countable union and relative complementation.

Formal definition

Let be a nonempty collection of sets. Then is a -ring if:
  1. Closed under countable unions: if for all
  2. Closed under relative complementation: if

    Properties

These two properties imply:
whenever are elements of
This is because
Every -ring is a δ-ring but there exist δ-rings that are not -rings.

Similar concepts

If the first property is weakened to closure under finite union but not countable union, then is a ring but not a -ring.

Uses

-rings can be used instead of -fields in the development of measure and integration theory, if one does not wish to require that the universal set be measurable. Every -field is also a -ring, but a -ring need not be a -field.
A -ring that is a collection of subsets of induces a -field for Define Then is a -field over the set - to check closure under countable union, recall a -ring is closed under countable intersections. In fact is the minimal -field containing since it must be contained in every -field containing