Secretum Philosophorum


The Secretum philosophorum was a popular Latin text originating in England c.1300–1350.
Ostensibly a treatise on the Seven Liberal Arts, it merely uses them as a framework in which to describe and demystify practical tricks, ‘tricks of the trade’ and applied science.

Sections

Prologue
Book I is nominally on ‘Grammar’ which ‘teaches us to write correctly’. Explaining that no-one can write correctly without the proper instruments, the subsequent text consists of technical recipes for the materials required ‘for correct writing’, plus some recipes for concealing meanings by the use of invisible ink and ciphers. Book I is thus in fact an artists' recipe book. Book I thus includes recipes for pigments, tempering, adhesives, varnish, writing tablets, artificial pumice and invisible ink, and for writing on metal by etching; many of these technical recipes are unique, rare, variant or unusually early witnesses to practices, or clarify obscure recipes in other treatises; the instructions appear to be for amateur use. Book I then ends with homilies on ‘correct speaking’, taken from the pseudo-Aristotle Secretum secretorum, with a note on ‘weasel words’ for concealing meaning.
Book II, ‘Rhetoric’ ‘teaches ornate speech’. It collects riddles.
Book III, ‘Dialectic’ ‘teaches to discern between true and false’. It collects various tricks for deceiving the five senses, with mirrors and conjuring tricks.
Book IV, ‘Arithmetic’ ‘teaches numbers per se’. It rejoices in the multiplication of chains of immense numbers.
Part V, ‘Music’ ‘teaches the numbers of sound’. It describes the monochord, and a recipe for gut strings.
Book VI, ‘Geometry’ ‘teaches magnitudes, i.e. to measure’. It gives practical tricks for measuring, especially buildings.
Book VII, ‘Astronomy’ ‘teaches movements of the heavens and their effects on men’. It is principally astrology, but includes a very early illustrated treatise on hydraulics.

Manuscripts, editions and translations

Nearly 30 manuscripts of the Secretum philosophorum survive, making it something of a medieval 'bestseller', and Lynn Thorndike considered the Secretum philosophorum to have formed part of the general intellectual furniture of most even partially well-read individuals, and urged its publication. Nevertheless, as yet no complete edition or translation has been published.
Book I: An edition and translation of the recipes for scribes and illuminators, together with a technical commentary, has been published by Clarke, which see for a list of surviving manuscripts.
Book II: Some of the riddles are edited by Galloway.
Book III: An edition, English translation, and commentary has been published by Goulding.
Book V: The recipe for gut strings has been published by .