Moed


Seder Moed is the second of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and the Talmud, and primarily deals with the laws of the Sabbath, the Jewish festivals, and fast days, covering the specific rituals, observances, and prohibitions associated with the significant dates of the Jewish calendar.

Topics

Moed deals principally with the laws of the Sabbath and the Jewish festivals, establishing the sacred rhythm of the Jewish calendar. It explains and elaborates upon the Torah commandments regarding the prohibitions of labor on holy days, the specific rituals and liturgies assigned to the festivals, and the duties of the individual and the community regarding the Temple service on these dates. These laws are dealt with in twelve tractates, each of which concerns a separate aspect of the general subject for which this Order is named.
One explanation for the name of the Order is given in the Talmud itself, by Shimon ben Lakish, who homiletically states that the second of the six terms in a verse in Isaiah – the word ittecha "your times" – corresponds to Seder Moed. This designation is seen as addressing how the diverse regulations of the Sabbath, holidays, and distinct Temple dues came to be grouped under the single banner of "Appointed Times." According to Rashi, the foremost Talmudic commentator, this term specifically refers to the festivals which are fixed at set times in the year.

Content

Moed comprises twelve tractates, with a total of 88 chapters, as follows:
  1. Shabbat or Shabbath deals with the 39 prohibitions of "work" on the Shabbat. 24 chapters.
  2. Eruvin deals with the Eruv or Sabbath-bound - a category of constructions/delineations that alter the domains of the Sabbath for carrying and travel. 10 chapters.
  3. Pesahim deals with the prescriptions regarding the Passover and the paschal sacrifice. 10 chapters.
  4. Shekalim deals with the collection of the half-Shekel as well as the expenses and expenditure of the Temple. 8 chapters
  5. Yoma —also called "Kippurim" or "Yom ha-Kippurim" —deals with the prescriptions Yom Kippur, especially the ceremony by the Kohen Gadol. 8 chapters.
  6. Sukkah deals with the festival of Sukkot and the Sukkah itself. Also deals with the Four Species which are waved on Sukkot. 5 chapters.
  7. Beitza —now named after its first word, but originally called Yom Tov —deals chiefly with the rules to be observed on Yom Tov. 5 chapters.
  8. Rosh Hashanah deals chiefly with the regulation of the calendar by the new moon, and with the services of the festival of Rosh Hashanah. 4 chapters.
  9. Ta'anit deals chiefly with the special fast-days in times of drought or other untoward occurrences. 4 chapters
  10. Megillah contains chiefly regulations and prescriptions regarding the reading of the scroll of Esther at Purim, and the reading of other passages from the Torah and Neviim in the synagogue. 4 chapters.
  11. Mo'ed Katan deals with Chol HaMoed, the intermediate festival days of Pesach and Sukkot. 3 chapters.
  12. Hagigah deals with the Three Pilgrimage Festivals and the pilgrimage offering that men were supposed to bring in Jerusalem. 3 chapters.
The Jerusalem Talmud has a Gemara on each of the tractates, while in the Babylonian, only that on Shekalim is missing. However, in most printed editions of the Babylonian Talmud, the Jerusalem Gemara to Shekalim is included.
In the Babylonian Talmud the treatises of the order Mo'ed are arranged as follows: Shabbat, 'Erubin, Pesachim, Rosh ha-Shanah, Yoma, Sukkah, Beitzah, Hagigah, Mo'ed Katan, Ta'anit, Megillah; while the sequence in the Jerusalem Talmud is Shabbat, Eruvin, Pesachim, Yoma, Sheqalim, Sukkah, Rosh ha-Shanah, Beitzah, Ta'anit, Megillah, Hagigah, Mo'ed' Katan.
On the Festivals, some have the custom to learn the Tractate in this Order which details the laws of that respective festival.