Liberal government, 1859–1866
The Liberal government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that began in 1859 and ended in 1866 consisted of two ministries: the second Palmerston ministry and the second Russell ministry.
History
After the fall of the second of Lord Derby's short-lived attempts at governments in 1859, Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston returned to power, this time in alliance with his former rival, John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, in the first Liberal government. Palmerston remained as prime minister until his death in 1865, when Russell succeeded him. However, disunity within the party caused the fall of the government in the following year, and Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby formed another Conservative ministry.Cabinets
The Viscount Palmerston's Cabinet, June 1859 – October 1865
- Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston– First Lord of the Treasury and Leader of the House of Commons
- John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell of St Andrews – Lord Chancellor
- Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville – Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Lords
- George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll – Lord Privy Seal
- Sir George Cornewall Lewis – Secretary of State for the Home Department
- Lord John Russell – Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
- Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle – Secretary of State for the Colonies
- Sidney Herbert – Secretary of State for War
- Sir Charles Wood, 3rd Baronet – Secretary of State for India
- Edward Adolphus Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset – First Lord of the Admiralty
- William Ewart Gladstone – Chancellor of the Exchequer
- Edward Cardwell – Chief Secretary for Ireland
- Thomas Milner Gibson – President of the Board of Trade and of the Poor Law Board
- Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet – Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
- James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin – Postmaster-General
Changes
- July 1859 – Charles Pelham Villiers succeeds Milner-Gibson as President of the Poor Law Board
- May 1860 – Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley succeeds Lord Elgin as Postmaster-General
- June 1861 – Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury succeeds Lord Campbell as Lord Chancellor
- July 1861 – Sir George Cornewall Lewis succeeds Herbert as Secretary for War. Sir George Grey succeeds Lewis as Home Secretary. Edward Cardwell succeeds Grey as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Cardwell's successor as Chief Secretary for Ireland is not in the Cabinet.
- April 1863 – George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey becomes Secretary for War following Sir George Lewis's death.
- April 1864 – Edward Cardwell succeeds the Duke of Newcastle as Colonial Secretary. George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon succeeds Cardwell as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
- July 1865 – Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth succeeds Lord Westbury as Lord Chancellor
The Earl Russell's Cabinet, October 1865 – June 1866
Changes
- February 1866: The Lord de Grey succeeds Sir Charles Wood as Secretary for India. Lord Hartington succeeds Grey as Secretary for War.
List of ministers
| Office | Name | Date |
| Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury | Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston | 12 June 185918 October 1865 |
| Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury | John Russell, 1st Earl Russell | 29 October 186526 June 1866 |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | William Ewart Gladstone | 18 June 1859 |
| Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury | Henry Brand | 24 June 1859 |
| Financial Secretary to the Treasury | Samuel Laing | 24 June 1859 |
| Financial Secretary to the Treasury | Frederick Peel | 2 November 1860 |
| Financial Secretary to the Treasury | Hugh Childers | 19 August 1865 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen | 24 June 185921 April 1865 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | Sir William Dunbar, 7th Baronet | 24 June 185921 April 1865 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | John Bagwell | 24 June 185925 March 1862 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | Luke White | 25 March 18622 June 1866 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | William Patrick Adam | 21 April 186526 June 1866 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | John Bonham Carter | 2 June 186626 June 1866 |
| Junior Lords of the Treasury | John Esmonde | 2 June 186626 June 1866 |
| Lord Chancellor | John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell | 18 June 1859 |
| Lord Chancellor | Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury | 26 June 1861 |
| Lord Chancellor | Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth | 7 July 1865 |
| Lord President of the Council | Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville | 18 June 1859 |
| Lord Privy Seal | George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll | 18 June 1859 |
| Secretary of State for the Home Department | Sir George Cornewall Lewis | 18 June 1859 |
| Secretary of State for the Home Department | Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet | 25 July 1861 |
| Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department | George Clive | 18 June 1859 |
| Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department | Henry Bruce | 14 November 1862 |
| Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department | Thomas Baring | 25 April 1864 |
| Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department | Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen | 25 May 1866 |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | Lord John Russell | 18 June 1859 |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | 3 November 1865 |
| Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | John Wodehouse, 3rd Baron Wodehouse | 19 June 1859 |
| Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | Austen Henry Layard | 15 August 1861 |
| Secretary of State for War | Sidney Herbert | 18 June 1859 |
| Secretary of State for War | Sir George Cornewall Lewis | 22 July 1861 |
| Secretary of State for War | George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey | 28 April 1863 |
| Secretary of State for War | Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington | 16 February 1866 |
| Under-Secretary of State for War | George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey | 18 June 1859 |
| Under-Secretary of State for War | Thomas Baring | 21 January 1861 |
| Under-Secretary of State for War | George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey | 31 July 1861 |
| Under-Secretary of State for War | Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington | 28 April 1863 |
| Under-Secretary of State for War | Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5h Baron Dufferin and Clandeboye | 17 February 1866 |
| Secretary of State for the Colonies | Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle | 18 June 1859 |
| Secretary of State for the Colonies | Edward Cardwell | 7 April 1864 |
| Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies | Chichester Fortescue | 18 June 1859 |
| Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies | William Edward Forster | 25 November 1865 |
| Secretary of State for India | Sir Charles Wood, 3rd Baronet | 18 June 1859 |
| Secretary of State for India | George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey | 16 February 1866 |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | Thomas Baring | 25 June 1859 |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | George Robinson, 3rd Earl de Grey | 21 January 1861 |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | Thomas Baring | 31 July 1861 |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | John Wodehouse, 3rd Baron Wodehouse | 25 April 1864 |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th Baron Dufferin and Clandeboye | 16 November 1864 |
| Under-Secretary of State for India | James Stansfeld | 17 February 1866 |
| First Lord of the Admiralty | Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset | 27 June 1859 |
| First Secretary of the Admiralty | Lord Clarence Paget | 30 June 1859 |
| First Secretary of the Admiralty | Thomas Baring | 30 April 1866 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | Samuel Whitbread | 27 June 1859 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington | 23 March 1863 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | James Stansfeld | 2 May 1863 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | Hugh Childers | 21 April 1864 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | Henry Fenwick | 22 January 1866 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | Lord John Hay | 7 April 1866 |
| Civil Lord of the Admiralty | George Shaw-Lefevre | 8 May 1866 |
| Chief Secretary for Ireland | Edward Cardwell | 24 June 1859 |
| Chief Secretary for Ireland | Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet | 29 July 1861 |
| Chief Secretary for Ireland | Chichester Fortescue | 7 December 1865 |
| Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | George Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle | 24 June 1859 |
| Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | John Wodehouse, 3rd Baron Wodehouse | 1 November 1864 |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet | 22 June 1859 |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | Edward Cardwell | 25 July 1861 |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon | 7 April 1864 |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | vacant | 3 November 1865 |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | George Goschen | 26 January 1866 |
| President of the Poor Law Board | Thomas Milner Gibson | 24 June 1859 |
| President of the Poor Law Board | Charles Pelham Villiers | 9 July 1859 |
| Parliamentary Secretary to the Poor Law Board | Charles Gilpin | 28 June 1859 |
| Parliamentary Secretary to the Poor Law Board | George Byng | 22 February 1865 |
| Postmaster-General | James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin | 24 June 1859 |
| Postmaster-General | George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll | 11 May 1860 |
| Postmaster-General | Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley | 17 August 1860 |
| President of the Board of Trade | vacant | |
| President of the Board of Trade | Thomas Milner Gibson | 6 July 1859 |
| Vice-President of the Board of Trade | James Wilson | 18 June 1859 |
| Vice-President of the Board of Trade | William Francis Cowper | 12 August 1859 |
| Vice-President of the Board of Trade | William Hutt | 22 February 1860 |
| Vice-President of the Board of Trade | George Goschen | 29 November 1865 |
| Vice-President of the Board of Trade | William Monsell | 12 March 1866 |
| Vice-President of the Committee on Education | Robert Lowe | 24 June 1859 |
| Vice-President of the Committee on Education | Henry Bruce | 26 April 1864 |
| Paymaster General | James Wilson | 18 June 1859 |
| Paymaster General | William Francis Cowper | 12 August 1859 |
| Paymaster General | William Hutt | 22 February 1860 |
| Paymaster General | George Goschen | 29 November 1865 |
| Paymaster General | William Monsell | 12 March 1866 |
| First Commissioner of Works | Henry Fitzroy | 18 June 1859 |
| First Commissioner of Works | William Francis Cowper | 9 February 1860 |
| Attorney General | Sir Richard Bethell | 18 June 1859 |
| Attorney General | Sir William Atherton | 4 July 1861 |
| Attorney General | Sir Roundell Palmer | 2 October 1863 |
| Solicitor General | Sir Henry Keating | 18 June 1859 |
| Solicitor General | Sir William Atherton | 16 December 1859 |
| Solicitor General | Sir Roundell Palmer | 8 July 1861 |
| Solicitor General | Sir Robert Collier | 2 October 1863 |
| Judge Advocate General | Thomas Emerson Headlam | 24 June 1859 |
| Lord Advocate | James Moncreiff | 24 June 1859 |
| Solicitor General for Scotland | Edward F. Maitland | 27 June 1859 |
| Solicitor General for Scotland | George Young | 11 November 1862 |
| Attorney General for Ireland | John David Fitzgerald | June 1859 |
| Attorney General for Ireland | Rickard Deasy | February 1860 |
| Attorney General for Ireland | Thomas O'Hagan | 1861 |
| Attorney General for Ireland | James Anthony Lawson | 1865 |
| Solicitor General for Ireland | John George | June 1859 |
| Solicitor General for Ireland | Rickard Deasy | 1859 |
| Solicitor General for Ireland | Thomas O'Hagan | February 1860 |
| Solicitor General for Ireland | James Anthony Lawson | 1861 |
| Solicitor General for Ireland | Edward Sullivan | 1865 |
| Lord Steward of the Household | Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans | 18 June 1859 |
| Lord Steward of the Household | John Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough | 20 January 1866 |
| Lord Chamberlain of the Household | John Townshend, 3rd Viscount Sydney | 23 June 1859 |
| Vice-Chamberlain of the Household | Valentine Browne, Viscount Castlerosse | 23 June 1859 |
| Master of the Horse | George Brudenell-Bruce, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury | 24 June 1859 |
| Treasurer of the Household | William Keppel, Viscount Bury | 23 June 1859 |
| Treasurer of the Household | 8 May 1866 | |
| Comptroller of the Household | Granville Proby, Baron Proby | 23 June 1859 |
| Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms | Thomas Foley, 4th Baron Foley | 28 June 1859 |
| Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard | Henry Reynolds-Moreton, 3rd Earl of Ducie | 28 June 1859 |
| Master of the Buckhounds | John Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough | 18 June 1859 |
| Master of the Buckhounds | Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork | 23 January 1866 |
| Chief Equerry and Clerk Marshal | Lord Alfred Paget | 1 July 1859 |
| Mistress of the Robes | Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland | 22 June 1859 |
| Mistress of the Robes | Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington | 25 April 1861 |
| Lords in Waiting | James Sinclair, 14th Earl of Caithness | 23 June 185926 June 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | Thomas Stonor, 3rd Baron Camoys | 23 June 185926 June 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | George Pitt-Rivers, 4th Baron Rivers | 23 June 185928 April 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | George Warren, 2nd Baron de Tabley | 23 June 185926 June 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | Richard Dawson, 3rd Baron Cremorne | 23 June 185926 June 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | Frederick Methuen, 2nd Baron Methuen | 23 June 185926 June 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | George Byng, 7th Viscount Torrington | 23 June 185927 April 1884 |
| Lords in Waiting | George Byron, 7th Baron Byron | 17 July 183731 March 1860 |
| Lords in Waiting | George Harris, 3rd Baron Harris | 31 March 18604 May 1863 |
| Lords in Waiting | James Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot of Malahide | 4 May 186326 June 1866 |
| Lords in Waiting | George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby | 8 May 186626 June 1866 |
| Extra Lord in Waiting | George Byron, 7th Baron Byron | 31 March 18603 March 1868 |
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